Plants that do not require special care. Houseplants that do not require complex care. Useful properties and application of raspberry

What summer resident does not dream of having such a garden, so that the fruits with berries are all year round, and minimal care - without frequent pruning, fertilizing, spraying and watering?

To get such an unpretentious garden, it is necessary, first of all, to solve several theoretical problems on the choice of crops, and then proceed to practical implementation: plant and ... take up the garden, landscape, and recreation corner. And along the way - to harvest the most unpretentious, but very tasty and healthy garden crops.

When compiling this list, we were guided by the words of old and experienced gardeners who say: in order to have time in the country for rest, first of all, plant fruit and berry crops that will not require constant care and your attention.

General approaches to creating a garden from unpretentious fruit crops

First of all, you need to make a list and select seedlings of perennial undemanding crops from well-known and, importantly, well-established varieties in your market or in specialized firms.

Easy-care varieties of fruit and berry crops should be:

• zoned, resistant to weather vagaries of the region, region (temperature drops, spring frosts, fogs, etc.),
• cold-resistant, so as not to bother with their shelter every year for the winter and opening in the spring, if you live in the northern regions,
• differ longevity, so as not to complicate themselves with frequent planting of new crops,
• not requiring long-term crown formation,
• not needing an annual pruning and garter to the supports.

The most unpretentious, but very useful and necessary crops for the garden without the hassle

Of fruit trees   The most unpretentious are: cherry plum, apple tree, walnut (walnut, manchurian, black, heart-shaped, hazelnut, etc.).

From the bush  - Irga, dogwood and sea buckthorn, which can be formed by trees or left in the form of tall shrubs.

Practically do not require care and form fairly high organic yields the following berries: raspberry, black chokeberry, blackberry, sea buckthorn, shadberry.

Thus, a large part of the garden and the berry, consisting of the necessary, but unpretentious plants, will free up time for rest and care for more capricious cultures and exotics. Of course, the garden for the "lazy" requires care, but most of it, at the initial stage, when it is laid out.

Let's take a closer look at fruit crops that require minimal care:

The apple tree is the cultivar of a small-fruited apple, obtained by crossing an Siberian berry apple with European varieties and its hybrids. Ranetku sometimes called rendevo tree.

For a certain period of time, in pursuit of exotics and fashionable varieties of fruit trees, the Rendezvous tree was unfairly forgotten. Today, interest has returned to him and more and more summer residents grow rantki in their garden. Especially popular are rantis in the cold regions of the Far East, in the Urals, in Krasnoyarsk, in Altai, Omsk, Novosibirsk, and the Leningrad Region.

In the regions of the European part of the Russian Federation, the CIS, and others, acquaintance with the lovely "inch" is only beginning, although today breeders have introduced more than 100 varieties and hybrids into the culture.

Ranetki lead among unpretentious garden crops in their relation to winter weather cataclysms, low temperatures, care.

Features

The main feature that produces a Runetus apple in the family is small-fruited (the fruit has a mass of 10-15 g). Through the efforts of breeders, the “ratenka” variety was obtained by crossing a Siberian berry apple (the second name is the berry apple) or its hybrids with European large-fruited varieties or hybrids (Chinese).

Ranetka were transferred and entrenched for the other varieties and hybrids best qualities  wild Siberian apple tree that can withstand temperatures down to -55 ° C.

The resulting varieties of hybridization have high winter hardiness and tolerate frost -45 ..- 47 ° C. During reproduction, they are distinguished by skoroplodnost, annual high yields, resistance to diseases and pests. And also: the unusual taste of marinating jams, jams, dried pastilles, juices, almost no summer worries. Ranetka - a wonderful unpretentious culture and decoration of the garden!

Useful properties and use of rasenok

Ranetki are exceptionally rich in biologically active substances that a person needs in the long northern cold months. The dry matter content is almost 24%, glucose and fructose - 12%, up to 2% pectic substances that contribute to the gelation of fruit juices. Pectins enhance the excretion of heavy metals from the human body, stop bleeding, accelerate the cure of gastric ulcers, have antimicrobial properties.

Used fruit ratenki in fresh and for processing. From the whole fruits of the Radet trees they get magnificent jam, compotes, dried fruits. Ranetki use stocks in obtaining low-stab cultures.

Planting

When planting a seedling of a fertilizer, fertilizer can be not applied, but it is necessary to provide sufficient space for growth and development. The distance between vigorous varieties of screenings is determined by the area of ​​3.5-4x3.5-4 m and even more. A smaller area, within 3x2 m, is occupied by varieties on dwarf rootstocks.

Care of the internship

During the growing season, caretakers practically do not require care. In case of prolonged dry weather, it is possible to water and (if desired) fertilize with nitrophosphate 30-50 g / tree.

The location for a ratenka any will approach, even with shading.

Reproduction is carried out by grafted seedlings.

Grades rannet for country cultivation

When choosing varieties of ratenka, pay attention to Siberian souvenir, Zolotodolinskoe, Kulundinskoe, Memory Isaev. High winter hardiness is different varieties ratenki Yellow Centipede, Tuvinka, Siberian Crimson, Gentle Transbaikal, Dobrynya, Ranetka Canning, titovka hybrid.

At your disposal more than 100 varieties of raenka, characterized by exceptionally high winter hardiness.

2. Cherry plum

Cherry plum, or plum splayed is one of the original forms with the appearance of home plums.

Homeland wild cherry plums are considered Transcaucasia and Front (South-West) Asia. They began to cultivate cherry plum around the X-XIII centuries. Over time, the distribution area reached the countries of Western Europe and Asia. Currently, plum is cultivated in regions with a suitable climate of Small and Central Asia, in the Baltic States, Belarus, Moldova, Primorye, Ukraine.

Successfully grown plum in the gardens and cottages of the northern regions of Asiatic Russia. Cherry plum is practically not damaged during long cold periods of the Moscow region, Central and North-Western regions of the Russian Federation and the countries of the European part of the continent.

To ensure the harvest of ripe fruit is grown, they are mainly grown early varieties  cherry plums

Features cherry plum

Cherry plum is one of the ancestors of the home plum. It differs from the plum present smaller fruits and high acidity. For this feature plum, for example, is used instead of vinegar for winter harvesting. Culture is very unpretentious and quickly take root in any conditions. She does not care about the type of soil. Drought and frost-resistant culture. Varieties obtained from crossing cherry plums with thorns, promoted culture in the northern regions not only of Russia, but also of European countries, where zoned varieties can sustain frost down to -32 ..- 36 ° C without loss.

Useful properties and use of cherry plum

Cherry plum is a fruit crop with a high content of sugars, organic acids, carotene, and vitamins in fruits. It is used as a fresh product and for canning in the form of compotes, juices, jams, jelly, marshmallow, marmalade and even cream (alcoholic drink).

Seedlings of cherry plum from seeds are used as a stock for apricot, peach, varietal plum.

Planting plum

Certain efforts are caused only by planting saplings of cherry plum. Soils of cherry plum fit different, but neutral in pH. Therefore, acidic soils are neutralized with chalk, and gypsum is added to alkaline ones during planting.

The roots of the cherry plum do not tolerate flooding, so it is better to place the seedlings on a hill, and if ground waters are close enough, arrange good drainage or plant on an artificial hill. When planting, the root neck of the cherry plum must be located above the level of the soil. Up to 2 buckets of water are poured into the landing pit, and the planting is mulched with a thick layer of straw, top peat, compost, humus, and small, sharp, dry herbs.

Care for cherry plum

Cherry plum forms sufficient yields even without care. The culture is practically not damaged by pests, it rarely gets sick. In a drought, plum does not shed the ovary.

Naturally, the usual work with cherry plum during the warm season will still need to be carried out (to destroy weeds, to water during long droughts, to carry out sanitary pruning, not to forget to harvest in time, etc.).

For better pollination in the garden is better to plant 2-3 trees different varieties  cherry plums In order not to occupy extra space for the garden, it is more practical to choose varieties on a dwarf rootstock.

Cherry plum is propagated by seeds, its seedlings are used as rootstocks, as well as by grafting, like other garden crops. It is easy to propagate by layering.

Cherry plum varieties for growing in the country

Cultivated varieties created by breeders, allow to grow cherry plum in regions with a fairly cold climate. Breeding techniques have significantly improved the quality of the fruit, but its characteristic sweet-sour taste cannot be removed yet.

Early varieties of cherry plum: Tent, Gold Scythians, Gift to St. Petersburg, Nesmeyana, Monomakh  and others. Fruits ripen in the third decade of July - the first decade of August.

Average varieties of cherry plum: Sarmatian, Apricot, Kuban comet, Peach, Karminna Zhukova, Chuk  other. Ripen in the first half of August.

Late varieties of cherry plum: Cleopatra, Huck, Beauty Orlovschiny. The fruits ripen in the third decade of August - the first half of September. Note! In the conditions of cool summer these varieties do not always have time to ripen.

Of the varieties of cherry plum, they have increased winter hardiness, low growth (2.5-3.0 m), easy (and not quite easy) separation of the stone from the pulp in the following: Cleopatra, Kuban Comet, Zlato Skifov. They stand climate well middle band  Russia.

Cherry plum variety Kuban Comet self-bearing, not requiring pollinators, is zoned for the North-West and Central Black Earth regions.

3. Irga

Irga or Korinka, like apple and cherry plum, belongs to the family of pink. As a fruit plant, irga has been known in Europe since the 16th century. First, irgu was cultivated in England, then in Holland. Berries were used to make wines resembling Cahors.

The area of ​​distribution of irgi extends throughout all regions of Western Europe. Irga is grown with success by amateur gardeners in Russia, Belarus, Moldova, and Ukraine.

In Russia, the round-leaved irga is widespread, which initially grew in the Crimea and the Caucasus, and then began to quickly gain popularity in the southern, central and northern regions of the Russian Federation almost everywhere except in the Polar Region.

It easily tolerates frosts of -40 ..- 50 ° C, and during the flowering of irgi, short frosts of -5 ..- 7 ° C do not harm the flowers at all.

Features irgi

Irga refers to unpretentious garden crops. It easily tolerates drought and frost, does not require watering, is not affected by pests and diseases, annually generates high yields of sweet-to-cloying fruits.

Irga’s simplicity is tied to her biological features. The irgi root system covers an area in the soil much more than the aboveground part and sufficiently provides the plant with moisture and nutrients. Irga is responsive to dressing and watering, but she can easily take care of herself and herself.

Irga easily tolerates shearing, shading, high air pollution, strong wind, can be used as a living fence of the site. Irga differs in durability (bushes live up to 70 years), and rapid growth.

Useful properties and application of irgi

Irga has a high content of sugars in fruits (up to 12%), organic acids, including ascorbic - up to 40%, vitamins. The nutritional and medicinal value of a culture has determined its location in the hierarchy of useful berries. Broths and tinctures of shadberry leaves, flowers, fruits, and bark have a high therapeutic effect, both in fresh and dried form. Homemade drugs increase the elasticity of blood vessels, prevent varicose veins, reduce blood pressure. Broths are used for angina, disorders and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.

From the berries of irgi they prepare juices, jellies, jams, compotes, wine, in the summer they consume fresh.

Planting irgi

Irga refers to skoroplodny cultures, and after landing on permanent place  it forms a crop of 3-4 year. The best time for planting an irgi is autumn. Planting and maintenance are common, as for other fruit-bearing shrubs.

Breeding irgi

Irga propagated by seed and vegetative way. Seedlings obtained from seeds are used as dwarf rootstocks for pears and apple trees.

Vegetatively irgu is propagated by root shoots, dividing the bush, cuttings (using green cuttings).

Irgi varieties for growing in the country

For regions with severe frosts, varieties of irgi of Canadian breeding are suitable, which can withstand temperatures as low as -45 ° C: Regent, Altaglow, Pembina, Slate, Strata, Parkhill. In varieties irgi Blumoon  and Blusan  in separate, especially cold winters with long frosts of -37 ..- 38 ° C, freeze-up the tips of the shoots, which after pruning are quickly restored.

In the southern regions, the conditions of central and central Russia and other regions of the CIS with the same climate, the irgi varieties grow superbly and bear fruit. Blusan, Pembina, Mandan, Slate, Blumoon, Surprise. Some gardeners successfully grow these varieties irgi and north.

4. Cornel

Cornel in wild form is common in Crimea, Transcarpathia, Moldova, in the Caucasus. Translated into Russian, dogwood means “red” for the scarlet color of fruits saturated with anthocyanins.

The land of cornel is Fore-Asia, where in the wild the bushes occupy significant areas of undergrowth and forest edges. It is characteristic of dogwood plants that the onset of very early flowering is March-April, as soon as the daytime temperatures exceed +6 .. + 10 ° С. The vegetation period of dogwood is long - up to 120 days or more.

Currently, the plant is cultivated in Asia Minor, Southern and Eastern Europe, France, Italy, Japan, China, and North America.

Cornels occupy significant areas in Ukraine and Moldova. It occurs in many regions of Russia with an average winter temperature in the range of -30 ..- 35 ° C, distributed in the middle belt of the European and Asian parts of Russia.

Features of dogwood

Cornel in natural conditions is formed by multi-deciduous shrub. Careless bushes and cornel trees grow in one place for up to 100 years. Drought-resistant and do not require watering, even during long dry periods. Diseases and pests do not affect cornels.

Very early flowering is a clear adornment in the areas of unpretentious cornel thickets that can withstand temperatures down to -30 ..- 35 ° C. Cornel - a good honey plant, which does not require complex care, will be a clear help for lovers of beekeeping. When freezing aboveground mass, cornel quickly restores the crown of the root shoots.

The fruits of all types of dogwood - the drupes, ripening from August to October, have a tart, astringent, sweet-sour taste with a pleasant refreshing aroma. The beauty and elegance of autumnal colors of dogwood bushes attract landscape designers who use the culture in soliternyh plantings, hedges.

Useful properties of cornel

Composition of nutrients, especially vitamins, cornel exceeds rowan, lemon and gooseberry. AT traditional medicine  Cornel fruits and leaves are used for gastrointestinal diseases, colds, inflammation of hemorrhoidal cones. Normalize blood pressure, prevent sclerosis. Good phytoncide. Dogwood is also widely used in the food industry.

Dogwood planting and care

Planting and care - the usual, as for all bush crops. Considering that root system  young plants shallow (up to 40-50 cm), in the early years, cornels need supporting irrigation. With age, the need for them disappears.

Cornel successfully transfers transplants. Fruiting begins at 5-6 year. In order to speed it up, the conditions for providing nutrients and moisture in the second half of the growing season are being tightened.

Dogwood breeding

Cornel multiplies seeds, root suckers, grafting, cuttings, layering. With seed reproduction, the first crop is formed for 5-6 years and is mainly used to obtain a large amount of planting material  for landscape design. With vegetative propagation, the first crop of cornel is removed for 2-3 years.

Dogwood varieties for growing in the country

For growing at the cottage, dogwood varieties have been developed to form large fruits with different colors (multicolor, white, blue, blue-violet, bright red).

• Vladimirsky  (fruits are red, black and red),
• Vydubytsky  (fruits are dark red oval-pear shaped),
• Grenadier  (fruits are red-black oval-cylindrical),
• Evgenia, Helena  (fruits are bright red, almost black, oval-shaped),
• Coral  (fruits are pink, yellow, pink-orange, red, wide-round),
• Alba  (fruits are white)
• Nikolka  (very early, fruits are red-black),
• Gentle  (fruits are yellow, pear-shaped)

other.

5. Sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn in natural conditions is represented by dioecious shrubs or trees of medium height. Sea buckthorn refers to plants whose medicinal properties  used by healers in ancient Greece.

Sea buckthorn occupies vast areas in Western and Central Asia, Mongolia, China, Pakistan and India, in the Caucasus, in Europe. In Russia it grows in the European part, in Asia its thickets occupy significant areas in Western and Eastern Siberia, in Altai. A lot of sea buckthorn in the North Caucasus. Sea buckthorn grows mainly on floodplain soils of rivers and along the shores of lakes, where there is enough moisture and sun. Sea buckthorn fruit is used as a food product, medicinal and for animal feed.

Features of sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn can withstand temperatures down to -45 ° C, which allows it to grow in the coldest regions. Received widespread in connection with the high value of the fruits of which are sea buckthorn oil used for medicinal purposes.

The sea buckthorn blooms in May, the fruits ripen in August - September. Refers to skoroplodny. The first harvest can be removed already for 3 years of growth and development.

Useful properties and application of sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn - multivitamin culture with a high content of vitamins, minerals, sugars, organic acids, tannins, fatty oils.

Sea buckthorn fatty oils with unsaturated and saturated fatty acids are used for medicinal purposes in the official pharmacopoeia. From the leaves and bark of sea buckthorn prepare decoctions and infusions used in traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases.

Jelly, juices, homemade liqueurs are made from fruits. Leaves and young shoots of sea buckthorn are used for tanning and dyeing leather, as well as fabrics in yellow and black. Powerful sea buckthorn root system well consolidates ravine slopes, landslides, slopes of roads.

Sea buckthorn is a very unpretentious culture, and her only minus - the rapid reproduction of root siblings.

Planting and care for sea buckthorn

Seedlings and seedlings of sea buckthorn are usually planted in spring or autumn, depending on the climatic conditions of the region. The rest of the usual care, as for the irga, dogwood and other shrubs.

Sea buckthorn breeding

Sea buckthorn breeds with seeds, which must undergo stratification, and in a vegetative way - root shoots, cuttings.

Sea buckthorn varieties for growing in the country.

Breeders bred more than 40 varieties of sea buckthorn, including large-fruited: Openwork, Pearl oyster, Augustine. Considering that sea buckthorn is a dioecious culture, male pollinator varieties are bred Dwarf  and Alei.

For regions with adverse conditions (prolonged frosts above -38 ..- 40 ° C), sea buckthorn varieties can be recommended: Favorite, Nugget, Yin, Altai, Giant.

For the Middle band - Elizabeth, Orange, Fragrant.

6. Raspberry

Raspberries can also be attributed to unpretentious garden crops. With minimal care (planted, watered, reaped, cut in the fall), this shrub continues to delight not very happy owners. In the wild, raspberries grow everywhere from the southern fringes of the European part of the CIS and western countries to cold Siberia in Eurasia.

Raspberries belong to cultures that have a torn area of ​​distribution, which historically led to different species of plants of this family. But each type of raspberry, having botanical differences, in general, gives a lot of pleasure as a valuable product and an indispensable medicine for colds.

In nature, raspberries occupy moist shady places, forest edges, ravines, but still prefer fertile soils. At the cottages raspberries can be placed on the inconvenience, where she, fitting into the overall landscape, for many years will provide the owners with tasty and healthy berries.

Raspberry features

Unlike cold-resistant crops, raspberries do not tolerate severe frosts, like snow shelters, but are quickly restored by root offsprings. Raspberries are good in unpretentious care and form yields, being generally abandoned.

Useful properties and application of raspberry

Raspberries are widely used in traditional medicine for all colds. But official medicine recommends using only ordinary raspberries for making medicinal decoctions and tinctures. Her varieties and must be bred in his rational garden.

Raspberry fruits and leaves are rich in organic acids, a wide range of vitamins and trace elements, sugars. They are used as an antipyretic, diaphoretic, antimicrobial agent. Broth roots - a good anti-allergic agent. Broth flowers drink with neurosis.

Fresh, frozen and dried raspberry fruits are widely used in cooking. Fresh berries are used to make drinks, jams, juices, and wine.

Raspberry Care

The most unpleasant property of the raspberry bushes is crawling to new habitats. Over time, raspberries can occupy the entire small area.

Experienced Gardeners  It is recommended to plant raspberries in trenches, enclosing the latter with waste of slate and other materials to the depth of the bulk of the roots. Regulate the growth of raspberries in trenches autumn pruning. Another tip: plant garlic with raspberries, then the garden bed will be freed for other crops, and raspberries outside of garlic prefer not to grow.

During the growing season (especially in dry weather) raspberries must be watered, but during the hot summer it is still a pleasant care.

In the dacha farm is best to propagate raspberry by dividing the bush and root suckers.

Raspberry varieties for growing in the country

Early raspberry varieties: Early Dawn, Abundant, Giant, Cascade, Michurinskaya. Sort Yellow Giant  or simply Giant  - the best for the conditions of the North-Western regions. Very convenient for unpretentious garden is a variety of early raspberry Mirage. Fruiting all summer. Practically does not react to adverse weather conditions. All care - spring pruning at 15-25 cm and loosening of the bushes, which can be combined with top dressing.

Average raspberry varieties: Arbat, Pride of Russia, Cleopatra, Kirzhach, Maroseyka, Siberian girl, Golden Giant Yellow.

Late raspberry varieties: Samara dense, Companion, Peresvet, Stolichnaya, Mirage. These varieties are great for winter harvesting.

Experienced gardeners often do not choose varieties for ripening periods, but use varieties of remontant raspberries, which manage to provide everyone with a harvest. For gardeners who prefer minimal crop care, the following remontant varieties can be considered priorities: Bryansk marvel, Hercules, Apricot, Atlant, Golden autumn, Ruby Necklace, Indian summer, Eurasia, Polka.

Most suitable grade  raspberries for all regions, including the Moscow region, where the climate during the year can change dramatically, is Hercules. The variety multiplies rapidly, resistant to fungal and bacterial diseases. Resistant to environmental conditions and care during the growing season. Pay attention to the raspberry variety Polka. Fruits from July to November. Suitable for all regions, including the north.

7. Chokeberry Aronia

Aronia is black-fruited, or black-fruited mountain ash is distinguished by exceptional unpretentiousness. Aronia - one of the few garden crops has anti-allergic properties and is widely used not only in folk but also in official medicine.

The homeland of chokeberry Aronia is considered the eastern part of North America. From America to Europe, aronia came in the XVIII century, and then found its niche in the lands of Russia. The founder of the northern gardening I.V. Michurin recommended chokeberry Aronia for northern fruit growing.

Aronia Aronia successfully grows and bears fruit in all regions with suitable climatic and soil conditions. High winter hardiness of chokeberry contributed to the successful growth not only in the southern but also more northern regions of Eastern and Western Siberia, in the Urals, near St. Petersburg.

Features chokeberry Aronia

Aronia Aronia refers to a group of low trees or shrubs (2-4 m tall). At a young age, the culture has a compact crown. With age, the crown becomes sprawling, which should be considered during planting.

For rational gardens, aronia is an irreplaceable culture. It is distinguished by rapid growth, rapidity, extremely high content of nutrients for the human body. When choosing a place for planting aronia, one should take into account that it does not tolerate saline and marshy soils, stony soils. Normally grows on sandy, insufficiently fertile soils and acidic. Groundwater is not a hindrance for planting, as chokeberry roots go down into the soil by 0.5-0.7 m. It is undemanding to care.

Aronia chokeberry blooms from the second half of May to mid-June. Ripens in August, September, depending on the region of cultivation. Ripe fruits of black color with a bitter aftertaste, slightly astringent with a pleasant sourness. For the formation of a high yield, aronia needs good light exposure (it is necessary to take this into account when choosing a landing site).

By the fall, the leaves of chokeberry acquire red-purple and very elegant colors. Landscape designers refer culture to decorative and are used in the decoration of parks and other places of public recreation.

Useful properties and use of chokeberry Aronia

Fruits of chokeberry Aronia include a huge list of nutrients, including vitamins B, PP, E, contributing to rejuvenation of the body. High content of trace elements, pectins, tannins, sugars, organic acids, sorbitol (cyclic alcohols) strengthens blood vessels, improves the formation and outflow of bile, removes heavy metals from the body, is used as antiallergic, helps with measles, scarlet fever and other diseases. Preparations from the fruits of chokeberry Aronia are used for capillary toxicosis, allergic vasculitis, eczema. From the fruits of chokeberry Aronia prepare jam, jam, candied fruits, wine, compotes, juices.

Planting chokeberry Aronia

Planting of seedlings and grafted seedlings of chokeberry Aronia on a permanent place can be carried out in the spring before bud break and in the fall depending on the region. Planting process and preparatory work are the same as for other fruit crops.

Aronia care

Young plants need watering and loosening, responsive to feeding. In the absence of care continue to grow normally and multiply.

Aronia Aronia has one unpleasant flaw: it needs annihilation of root offspringotherwise it can capture large areas.

Breeding chokeberry Aronia

Aronia refers to self-pollinated cultures. Propagated by seeds and vegetatively. Seeds before sowing need stratification, so they are sown in autumn, embedded in the soil by 1.0-1.5 cm. Shoots appear in May. Seeds propagate chokeberry Aronia as an ornamental culture to produce large quantities of planting material.

For reproduction in the country using cuttings, dividing the bush, cuttings, vaccinations, which ensure the early culture. Already in the third year, the first test crop of chokeberry can be removed. The fruits of chokeberry Aronia are removed in their biological ripeness.

Chokeberry Aronia varieties for growing in the country

Breeders of many foreign countries work on the selection of chokeberry chokeberry. They have proposed varieties with high quality indicators: Viking, Aron, Hakkiya, Dabrovice, Kutna  other.

Of the varieties bred by Russian breeders, the best known is the variety Aronia Michurinawhich is named after the creator.

Breeders have proposed varieties of chokeberry with a hybrid origin, which are successfully grown in gardens of the southern and northern regions - Nero, Chernookaya, Ruby, Altai Large-fruited, Grandiolia, Estland  etc. It should be noted that outwardly all varieties are extremely similar and differ mainly in taste.

Blackberry is known in Russia under two names: blackberry and grayberry and blackberry bushy (or ordinary). Dewberry blackberry is also called dewberry or sundew, and the bushy blackberry is called cumanika.

About 200 species of blackberry occupy vast areas in Eurasia and North America, which is considered the birthplace of the origin of this culture. In the Russian Federation, 52 species are common. Abundant thickets of wild blackberries are found in the Caucasus, in the Urals, in the Altai. Sweet berries and vegetative parts of blackberries have long been used by humans for fresh food and the preparation of medicinal drinks. But only in the XIX century, the first varieties appeared for the cultivation of blackberries cultivated as an agricultural crop.

Blackberry features

Blackberry belongs to the group of shrub plants in height from 1.0 to 3.0 meters. Plants are unpretentious to care and in any conditions form fragrant fruit yields. Blackberry fruits, depending on the variety, have different colors: yellow, black, red. Fruits are shiny or slightly bluish.

The underground part of the blackberry consists of the main rhizome and adventitious roots, which go 0.5-1.5 meters deep into the soil. Roots occupy the area around the bush up to 2-3 meters, form a dense root growth. Blackberry belongs to drought-resistant plants, thanks to the roots deeply penetrating into the soil.

Domestic varieties allow growing blackberries in the middle zone and beyond at winter temperatures down to -25 ..- 28 ° C.

According to the formation of the aboveground mass, the blackberry is divided into 2 types: creeping (rosyanika) and erect (cumanica). The blackberry fruits are larger and more juicy than the upright ones. Her shoots are bent by the arc and, reaching the soil, rooted tops. Cumanic do not have this feature. Perennial wood in blackberries is not formed and otlodonosiv, its stems die off. They are cut in the fall. This feature allows you to grow blackberries without winter shelters, even in regions with severe frosts.

Useful properties of blackberry

Blackberry fruits contain vitamins of group “B”, vitamins “P”, “C”, “E”, provitamin “A”, as well as a hematopoietic complex of trace elements (molybdenum tungsten, copper, manganese). It is recommended for use with anemia. The leaves contain flavonoids and inositol. The content of useful substances in fruits, flowers and blackberry leaves is used in the treatment of anemia, colds, to improve memory, work of the coronary vessels, etc. Blackberry fruits are used fresh or prepare compotes, juices, jams.

Planting and care for blackberries

Blackberries grow on any soil, but prefers medium loamy, fertile, without close occurrence of groundwater. Planting rooted seedlings is the same as raspberries.

Planting and caring for blackberries are similar to raspberries. When planting besshipyh varieties need winter shelter due to their low winter hardiness.

Blackberry breeding

Blackberries are propagated in summer cottages and house gardening plants in a vegetative way - cuttings, layering, shoot tips.

The tip usually propagates creeping forms of blackberry. In July, the tips of the shoots are gently tilted and fixed with a V-shaped wooden pin in a 10-15 cm recess in the soil with the tip up. Above the ground, leave the tip of a branch with 2-3 leaves. The soil is kept constantly wet. Biological products are added to the water for irrigation: rootstock, planriz, which contribute to the rapid growth of roots.

In the fall, the rooted tops of the blackberry cover mulch from freezing. From the mother plant is separated on next year, sometimes - in 2 years.

To get a greater amount of planting material, pin a young blackberry shoot with swollen buds in early spring. When blooming buds form lateral shoots. As soon as they grow up to 10-15 cm, they are also pinned and covered with soil. By the fall, rooted blackberry seedlings are obtained, which are separated from the mother plant the following year and planted in a permanent place.

Blackberry varieties for growing in the country

At the dacha it is more expedient to grow hybrid varieties of blackberry. They are distinguished by yield, refined taste, frost resistance and resistance to diseases and pests. The most famous blackberry remontant variety Ruben  with good frost resistance.

Gardener Favorite - Blackberry-less Bearless Grade Valdo  with early ripening berries. It develops well and bears fruit in thickened plantings. Other other varieties with early ripening can be recommended. Lough mary, Loch tay.

Hybrid varieties of raspberry with blackberry are widely used by blackberry lovers: El Dorado, Erie, Old brighton, Loganberry.

Unique hybrid Chief Josephforming bright black berries up to 40 g in weight.

Ezemalina Taiberi  (blackberry hybrid with raspberry) forms dark red fruits up to 5 cm long.

When choosing a blackberry variety for cultivation in the country, it is necessary to acquire zoned varieties that will need less shelter and other unforeseen care measures during the growing season and during wintering.

9. Walnut

Walnut is a native of Central Asia. Known under the Russian names - the Greek nut, the Volosh nut, the royal nut. For its valuable nutritional qualities, it is called the tree of life, the food of warriors.

In the wild, walnut occupies a significant area of ​​countries with a warm and hot climate. Currently growing in Russia in the Caucasus, in the south of Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova. Breeders promote the culture in the middle lane and the northern regions of Russia, the CIS and Europe. Today, walnut yields are harvested near Petersburg, in the Moscow region, Vyazma, and Tula Region.

In addition to the walnut, in such a rational garden in the central zone of Russia, ripe Manchurian, black, heart-shaped crops are harvested - nuts that can withstand -40 ..- 50 ° C frosts.

Walnut Features

Walnut - a large tree, up to 25 m high, with sprawling krone. This is a southern plant and tolerates a southern climate and southern winters. Currently, the culture is advanced north. Individual varieties walnut  (variety “Ideal”) are able to withstand cold weather, and at -32 ..- 36 ° C keep kidneys and wood alive. However, during long frosts of -25 ..- 28 ° C, walnut can still freeze out.

Walnut loves bright places with constant sunshine. Does not tolerate thickened landings, close to the underlying groundwater. It develops poorly on compacted and marshy soil. The best soils for walnut are carbonate loams and light fertile soils.

Walnuts ripen in September-October. In mature nuts, the pericarp breaks into several pieces and separates from the stone.

Useful properties and use of walnut

Walnuts are cultivated due to edible kernels containing a large list of beneficial substances, including essential oil, which gives a special smell to walnut orchards and individual plantings.

Fatty walnut oil determines the high value of walnut kernels as a food and medicinal product.

Fruits of a walnut are very valuable foodstuff. Nutrients of fruits and nut leaves are used in national treatment  many diseases: gastrointestinal tract, gynecological, kidney, bladder, angina, beriberi, atherosclerosis.

Planting and care for walnuts

Planting and care are common for grafted and own-rooted seedlings (i.e. seedlings obtained by rooting cuttings or from root shoots). Walnut does not require special crown formation, constant fertilizing and watering. When observing spatial isolation, the walnut practically does not get sick and is not damaged by pests. Considered unpretentious plantespecially for the southern regions.

Walnut propagation

Walnut is propagated by seed and vegetative means. Characteristically powerful development of the core of the root system in the first year of life, reaching 4 m depth over time, which makes it easy to endure dry periods and not require irrigation.

It is more practical to propagate a walnut by vegetative means, including pneumatic shoots. 2-3 year old growth plants form the first crop.

When seed reproduction of walnut harvest formation begins from 8-10-12 years. In favorable conditions, plants can live in one place for up to 300-400 years.

Walnut varieties for growing in the country

For the southern regions the most popular are: early walnut variety Dessert, Elegantmid-season Aurora. Good yields  form early maturing varieties of walnut Abundant  and Yield.

The absolute varieties of Moldova and Ukraine are frost-resistant, but still intended for the southern regions with mild winters: Moldavian, Codrine, Chisinau, Briceni, Carpathian  and etc.

Currently, breeders bred a number of varieties of walnut for the conditions of the middle zone of the European and Asian parts of the Russian Federation. Early varieties are recommended for these regions. Dawn of the East, Breeder, Baikonur, Pinsky.

Interesting walnut variety Idealwhich forms 2 harvests during one growing season and is one of the most frost resistant varietiesand walnut variety Giantwhose properties allow cultivating the crop throughout the Russian Federation.

For country cultivation, it is better to use early ripening walnut varieties, which form the crop for 2-3-4 years. TO early ripening varieties  relate Aurora, Breeder, Dawn of the East, Pinsky, State Farm, Five Year Plan, Favorite Petrosyan.

Probably the main requirement of each client, Yekaterinburg landscape designers admit, to organize his site in such a way that he needs minimal care. Ideally, it did not require care at all. As a result, each land plot specialist has developed his own techniques for creating almost maintenance-free landscapes. They share their secrets with Remont.Divandi readers.

It is theoretically possible to organize a plot of land that will take care of itself. Its main components are: proper drainage and (attention!) Lack of plants. Part of the site is closed with beautiful tiles, and everything else - artificial plastic lawn, the benefit today you can find indistinguishable from the present. All this concrete-plastic idyll is complemented by decorative elements - stone compositions (including dry streams), designer lanterns, gazebos, benches, etc.

A professional landscape architect will be able to design the slopes of the surfaces and the layout of the drainage channels in such a way that the site will get rid of the dust itself during the rains. If, however, he put on the surround with a high fence, then there is hope that it will not fall on fallen leaves and other debris.

And, nevertheless, in reality, none of the surveyed landscape architects even offer their customers a version of the landscape without a real lawn and trees. Designers understand that the people of the Urals will not understand this kind of synthetic "extravagance".

Irina Gorlova

You can pick up for the site a set of plants requiring minimal maintenance. For example, low-growing drought-resistant cover plants are used to decorate stone compositions. You can also plant trees and shrubs that do not require pruning (except sanitary). And of course, the areas that are covered with tiles, as well as with decorative pebbles, bark and wood chips require the least care. If a drainage and a layer of geofabric have been laid under stone compositions and dumping, then there will be neither water, nor dirt, nor weeds.

Drainage and watering is a must.

Correct drainage landscape architects call the main component of the site, comfortable for the owner. When designing a landscape, it is always thought out how and where water will go from each point of the site. The most common scheme involves imparting a slight — about 6 degrees — slope to all surfaces (terraces, lawns, paved areas, etc.) and organizing in gutter lowerings. From gently sloping areas, water enters ditches and is discharged along them outside the site or into storm sewers. Ditches can be lined with stone or other material (leaving holes for moisture from the upper layers of the soil), often ditches are covered with a grill, and sometimes covered with pebbles.

In areas covered with lawn, it is necessary to provide not only the diversion of water, but also the possibility of seepage to the root system. At the same time protect the lawn from "waterlogging". For this, a special lawn drainage system is made.

Natalia Gubaidullina

If the soil at the site does not pass water well, then a drainage layer is brought under the lawn — a geofabric is laid on the leveled and tamped soil, then a layer of wood grain (fine gravel), again geotextiles, and a 10-centimeter layer of fertile soil. Already the grass is sown on it, or the rolled lawn is rolled. During the period of rains or melting of snow, excess moisture will not stand on the lawn, but will be able to seep through dresva into the ditches that drain water from the site.

If the site has a high groundwater level, then a deep drainage system can be created on it. Its base is the pipes made of perforated pipes buried to a depth of 1–1.5 m. The pipes are inclined, along them, the water coming from the soil flows down a natural lowering of the relief (if any) or into a drainage well. From the well, water seeps into the lower layers of the soil, or rises by means of a pump and drains off the site.

The second mandatory element of the “maintenance-free” landscape is an automatic irrigation system. Its cost (materials plus work) is on average 35 thousand rubles. for a hundred. In the autumn, before the onset of frost, the irrigation system must be blown out - get rid of water. A specialist with the necessary equipment is invited for this. His services cost about 3 thousand rubles. In the spring of "polivalka" reopened. It also costs 3 thousand rubles. But many owners of sites carry out the spring regulations themselves.

Two options for "maintenance-free" landscape

Today in Yekaterinburg there are two types of home landscapes that require minimal effort to maintain their appearance. The first involves the active use of compositions from pebbles and stones, the second from trees that have adapted well to the Ural climate.

Lyubov Novoselova

The section on which the main areas are occupied by lawn and decorative compositions  from stone and ground cover Alpine plants - stonecrop, young, and saxifrage. Such compositions may include, among other things, an alpine slide and a dry stream. Around the compositions of pebble dumping on the geofabric. This will virtually eliminate the appearance of weeds.

If the requirements of “non-serviceability” are set fairly rigidly, then the described type of landscape can do almost without woody vegetation. Exotic trees require attention and care, and characteristic for the Ural trees - rowan, maple, linden, pine, birch - are not always organically combined with pebble dumps.

Is a lawn easy or difficult?

The most debated issue when creating a “maintenance-free” garden plot is the size of the lawns. Some designers believe that this particular element of the landscape requires minimal care, therefore, the larger the lawn, the easier it is to care for the site. Other landscape specialists, on the contrary, say that maintaining a lawn in perfect condition is a very troublesome job.

Vladislav Safronov

High-quality parterny lawn in Europe is considered the peak of garden craftsmanship. It requires regular haircuts. After each haircut is fertilized. Plus, constant weed control, the need for aeration (soil piercing), combing.

Adherents of a different point of view (who believe that the lawn does not require particularly time-consuming care) have their own arguments.

Natalia Gubaidullina

In the Urals, the lawn grows well, even if you do not pay much time to care for it. If it is not a sowing lawn that is used, but a roll, with an already formed turf, then the weeds on it take root poorly. Cleaning them is not so tiring. Or you can use chemicals that destroy weeds, but do not prevent the lawn from growing. As for the haircut, then it can be entrusted to the robotic lawnmower. Their choice today is quite large, and the price does not differ fundamentally from the price of a conventional mower.

Landscape architects emphasize that if you pay special attention to the preparation of the site under the lawn, it will allow to simplify the process of caring for grass.

Lyubov Novoselova

head of the company TD "Ash"

If the surface is leveled, well rammed, and high-quality soil has been applied to it, then the areas covered with lawn will remain in good condition for a long time. As a rule, these plots are contoured with paths, stone edges and other structures. When we organize lawns, we count the height of the paving of the tracks and these sides in such a way that, during grass cutting, lawn-mower knives pass over the masonry. This allows you to significantly simplify and speed up the process of caring for the site. Another way to reduce the labor costs of maintaining a lawn is to sow it with low-growing clover. It can be cut less often, besides clover is a rather aggressive culture. He will suffocate most of the weeds.

Also, from the point of view of simplifying care, some designers advise sowing it with meadow bluegrass. It grows slowly, and also does not require frequent cutting. True, in the first year the bluegrass lawn will look rather poorly ...

However, regardless of whether the designers consider grassy meadows to be a complex or easy-to-care element of the landscape, they all agree on one thing - the lawn is an indispensable element, in fact, the “background” of any backyard.

Option One: lawn and stone compositions

Even the highest quality "background" lawn can not do without visual accents. As already mentioned, stone compositions are suitable for a “non-serviced” landscape. It can be just a group of stones, an alpine slide, a dry stream or a spot with a pebble dump.

Natalia Gubaidullina

Theoretically, you can pick up the stones, which themselves will become a decorative element. But I saw this only once. Right on the lawn just lie three large rounded boulders of sandstone of unusual colors. Usually, stone compositions are supplemented with plants. At least with moss. We had a customer, she watered the stones on her lot with kefir. This contributes to the active growth of moss.

Landscape builder will not plant plants that adorn the stone composition, just in the ground. He will lay a geofabric under the ground. This ensures planting against the emergence of weeds. Plants for compositions are selected such that over time form thick clumps and do not require special care. If the designer did everything correctly, then weeding, loosening and feeding ornamental plants  can be done once a year or even every few years. To carry out this work, you can invite a specialist. One of his departure costs around 5 thousand rubles.

Irina Gorlova

designer of the company "Landscape Service"

For alpine slides and other similar objects suitable for stunted, drought-resistant perennial plantssuch as stonecrop, carnation travyanka, young, stefanander, stylox phlox. If there is a dry stream, near it you can organize a "coastal flower garden" of unpretentious perennial. Iris marsh, meadowsweet, host, halyardis, kosnyak.

Work of Design-Grad LLC

Option Two: natural landscape

If the above-described first version of the “unattended” landscape is close to a regular style (severity, geometric shapes), then the second option can be called natural, landscape. Free-growing trees, more or less characteristic of the Urals, should become its leading element.

Vladislav Safronov

landscape architect of the company "Ecodesign"

Often in the delimited individual plots there is already some kind of vegetation - birch, pine, spruce, mountain ash, and so on. I urge to save these trees and build a landscape with their participation. This can be done very beautifully. We form the surface taking into account the root system of trees, then we create an underbrush. For this suit hosts, ferns, astilba. They tolerate shade well. If the trees are not very big, and we do not want them to become as tall as in a forest, then we annually pinch the shoots. Then the height of the plants will be less, and the crown thicker. But you can let the trees grow in nature.

If the owner of the site has difficulty pinching shoots, he can use the services of a gardener. Depending on the size of the plant, it will cost from 500 to 2500 rubles. for one tree.

The head of TD "Ash" Love Novoselova notices that free-growing trees, at the request of the owner can be planted on the site specifically. In addition to those mentioned above, these can be maple, linden, Canadian irga, viburnum, acacia, honeysuckle, narrow-leaved loch, globular and sinuous willow, various types of alder.

Vladislav Safronov

landscape architect of the company "Ecodesign"

Under the trees, you can apply pebbles on top of geotextiles. This will retain moisture in the soil and protect against weeds. Fallen leaves in the fall, you can just blow off the pebbles with a vacuum cleaner. If the owner is not satisfied with the neighborhood of the Ural trees and rounded pebbles, use a bark dump. Under it you can not put geotextiles. Then the fallen leaves are not removed. They remain under the snow; next spring, dumping is done on top, and the lower layers of leaves and bark are included in the soil formation process. Like in a real forest.

The designer of the company "Landscape Service" Irina Gorlova advises - if the site owner does not have a desire to fight with fallen leaves every spring, he can plant the territory coniferous trees. Larch, of course, is excluded.

With an eye to the winter

Farmland needs care not only in the warm season, but also in winter. Basically we are talking about clearing the tracks from the snow.

Natalia Gubaidullina

We try to arrange objects on the site in such a way that in winter there is no need to tread a large number of paths. In winter, usually only one path is needed - from home to the bath. Under it you can bring the heating cable. As well as a car parking area. Then the issue of snow raking is completely removed from the agenda. True, the cost of electricity will increase.

Another winter advice is given by Vladislav Safronov. He recalls that the thickness of the snow cover in the Urals may exceed 60 cm. Therefore, if lighting is planned for the site, the owner should pay attention to the height of the lanterns. It must be at least 70 cm.

The cost of creating a "maintenance-free" landscape and care

The average cost of a landscape project in the market is 3-4 thousand rubles. for a hundred. The price of the works and materials needed to transform an ordinary plot into a picturesque landscape starts from 70 thousand rubles. for a hundred. If you need to carry out excavation and the creation of retaining walls, the price tag can grow several times.

Tab. 1. The cost of the main works on the formation of the design landscape

How much the organization of a design landscape on household plot  portal Remont.Divandi wrote.

As all landscape architects notice, in any design option the site will need maintenance. All of the above techniques can only to some extent reduce the amount of work to maintain the site in tidy condition. For their conduct the site owner may attract a specialist.

Tab. 2. The cost of the main maintenance of the garden