How to plant peanuts in the country. On warm beds. In central Russia.
Peanut (peanuts) - tasty and at the same time healthy food, in which there is a large range of important elements for the body. This plant is quite unpretentious, but very few people know how to grow peanuts and provide it with proper care.
Optimum terms for landing
Experienced agronomists are confident that the most suitable time to plant peanuts in open ground is May: at this time the soil is already warm enough and will not harm the seeds. However, you should still focus on the growing region. If in your area there are even at the end of spring, it is better to postpone landing at the beginning of summer. 
Growing peanuts in the open ground
Unlike other legumes, peanuts are very specific in terms of their soil requirements. It should be loose, fertile, well depleted, high in calcium, and also with phosphorus and potassium. The plants are depleted, so it is necessary to fertilize the following crops in the framework of good manufacturing practices, which should be taken into account when choosing the soil for cultivation.
Planting capacity ranges from 3 to 5 cm, placing 2 seeds in each forest. Seeding can be performed manually or using an animal seeder or mechanical seeder. The number of days required for flowering depends on the variety and height at which the plant is sown, although in general the plants start to bloom profusely after 6-8 weeks. Weeds should be removed at frequent intervals to avoid excessive competition until flowering begins. All weeds are then removed from the field, and the plants are matched close to the flower buds.
Choice of place
Before planting a peanut, you need to find a good place for it and create optimal conditions for it there.
When choosing a place it is important to consider that photophilous plantHowever, a little shading is also calm. For the landing is extremely important that as soon as possible freed from the snow and dry. Cold winds are reflected negatively on yields.
Many manufacturers grow patch for plants more than once in order to spread them and cover the entire growth area. As soon as the flowers are cut, which goes to the ground, all types of crops are suspended under the plants. After the appearance of flowers, fruits will be ready for harvesting in a time that lasts from 8 to 10 weeks.
Peanuts excrete so many quantities of phosphate, potassium, and calcium from the soil that it is desirable to produce a different crop after harvesting before the peanuts are planted in the same area. When preparing the land for sowing, it is necessary to fertilize with water rich in organic matter, if the previous harvest was rice or chemical fertilizers. In addition, the use of dolomite or ground limestone can be useful, especially in soils with almost or less.
Did you know? For the first time peanuts came to us in 1792, it was brought from Turkey. Today, this plant is grown on a large scale in China, India, Nigeria, Indonesia.
Lighting
Peanuts love light and warmth. Even the slightest shading will lead to the rapid growth of the plant, slowing the development of vegetative organs, as well as reducing the number of fruits. The need for heat is maintained throughout.
As for microelements, there are no references to their use for the subscriber. If there are references to the toxicity of some trace elements, such as zinc and copper. Despite the fact that they were not conducted at the industrial level, some tests were conducted to grow peanuts in crops without soil. For this, a hydroponic culture with recirculation of the nutrient solution was used. In this experiment, two variants were performed: hydroponic culture with a single nutrient solution in recirculation, without a base substrate, and another culture with recirculation, but without any substrate.
The soil
Since the peanut fruit grows directly in, its quality and structure are key. This plant needs with neutral pHwhich is rich in calcium and magnesium. Ideal - light and as loose as possible, which passes air and water well. In addition, it should be some amount of sand. Before planting, the soil is necessarily enriched. 
The results showed that the use of the substrate did not improve the results of the culture without the substrate; therefore, the use of the substrate in hydroponic cultures of peanuts was unnecessary. Weeds can be another problem in plantations with peanuts. As a rule, they are combined with herbicides and premature shoots.
Perhaps the most difficult phase of growing peanuts is determining when the plant is ready for harvest. If the producer waits too long for all the fruits to be fully filled, those who first developed could overcome their maturity and begin their germination. On the other hand, a premature harvest leads to the fact that most of the fruit is partially filled and has no value.
Predecessors
To receive good harvest not the last place is occupied by plants that previously grew on this earth. Best of all, peanuts will develop after, and. But, on the contrary, they can lead to the development of rot on the roots, therefore, it is better to refrain from planting peanuts in their place.
Scheme and depth of sowing peanuts
Planting peanuts in open ground It is best to conduct square-nested way. Most commonly used scheme 60 × 60 cmhowever, no one forbids planting in other ways, for example, wide-row, when the width between rows is 65 cm, and the distance between plants is 20 cm. 
To obtain good seedlings, only large seeds are used, which are planted to a depth of 7 cm. At least three seeds are recommended to be placed in each well.
A common practice is to remove several plants at intervals along the furrow, until you notice that most juices have matured. Mature seeds should be pink or red. By the time they are removed from the inside of the shell, and their test can easily detach.
Cops are collected by removing the entire plant from the soil using a shovel, a strong hook, or a mechanical excavator. Plants may be allowed to ripen as they are harvested, although the best practice is to allow them to heal in piles. Three or four stacks from 2 to 2, 5 m in length are placed in the shape of the letter A with crossed planks and placed approximately 50 cm from the base to remove the plants from the ground and ensure air circulation Inside the heap. Plants are placed on crossed planks with their upper ends outward and placed on the height that the planks allow.
Complete landing abundant. The water pressure must be low so as not to blur and bare the seeds. It is better to repeat the manipulations several times before the pools appear.
Care and cultivation cultivation
The main agrotechnical methods for the successful cultivation of peanuts are feeding, hilling and loosening. Of course, do not forget about plant protection from and prevention and.
Once the pods are completely dry, they are threshed by hand or by machine with the help of cylinders. The latter also allow the production of grains, but the pods can be left if they need to be preserved for a long time. Grains are obtained in many tropical areas, partially filling the burlap and striking it with a stake.
In the tropics, an average peanut yield of about 600 kg per hectare is obtained, although the best deposits can produce 3 times more than this amount. In general, the percentage of grains ranges from 60 to. Peanuts are used toasted or cooked, with everything and a pod, then consumed by people; Also shot, roasted and salted; Whole or fractionated grains are used in sweets, cakes, cookies and other confectionery products; In peanut butter; Peanut butter, peanut bread, etc. they are very nutritious and, therefore, are important in the diet of millions of people who cannot acquire proteins and animal fats.
Watering, weeding and loosening
Important! Violation of the technology of cultivation, as well as improper storage can lead to the accumulation of aflatoxins in the nuts. They cause allergies or other diseases. Such substances are caused by mold.
After harvesting, it is worth considering how to store peanuts at home. 
In order to extend the storage time, you need to consider the following factors:
Peanut butter is produced by preparing fractionated peanuts in special containers or by extracting them at a hydraulic pressure of 3 or 3 tons. They can be used for the kitchen in its natural state or can be processed in a variety of products. Recent studies have attempted to find a link between high levels of oil production, in various test grades, and with a molecular basis. Some varieties of peanuts ant contain up to 80% of fats, mostly monounsaturated fats.
The objectives of this work were to study the mutations that caused these high levels of fat in peanuts. All these studies are aimed at finding molecular markers for these varieties, as well as for genetic improvement of existing varieties. The findings suggest that oil-rich phenotypes correlate with the expression or absence of certain genes.
Best peanuts in a dry room, which is ventilated with cooled air.
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The deterioration of the ecological situation, climate change on earth requires increased efforts to organize an adequate level of nutrition for the population anywhere in the world. There are new varieties of useful plants that can produce in different climates. Along with them, questions arise, such as how to grow peanuts or other interesting plants. Modern technologies in the field of manufacturing products allow you to create from them long-stored, delicious food. On their basis, a person implements the basic idea of modernity: a healthy lifestyle based on proper nutrition.
This paste is also used for human consumption in some tropical countries, after proteins are partially decomposed by the action of fungi. The paste in the form obtained at an oil refinery is crushed, moistened for one day in water, the surface oil is removed, washed several times, steamed and pressed into square or rectangular shapes. Mushrooms can be incubated for several days in a paste in a well-shaded place. When the pasta is ready to eat, get the pieces, which are then fried or used in soups.
Nature has created for humanity a large selection of useful plants suitable for food. The past centuries have taught them how to use them as healing remedies and food. Among the innumerable multitudes of this kingdom, nuts occupy a separate place. They were found in ancient tombs, they took with them on campaigns associated with the ordeal for recuperation. Used in ceremonies, hoping that they will bring happiness, wealth, health, good luck in everything. And, of course, everyone wanted to admire his tree, inhale the scent of its foliage, flowers every day. Therefore, the question of the proper cultivation of nuts, for example, has always been important, interesting.
This food is very easy digestion and very nutritious, as well as good taste. Often, peanuts are grown for use as feed, hay, pasture, or silage, in which case plants should be picked before flowering. Small shoots can also be used in foods such as legumes. They are rich in protein and calcium, but when consumed in large quantities, they can cause digestive upset.
It is absolutely advisable not to sow other legumes and, in particular, soybeans in infected areas. Also, tobacco and eggplant are very susceptible. Its control is carried out by applying sulfur powder in the amount of 25 kilograms per hectare. Apparently, it may be that the factors present in the cellular cytoplasm would give this resistance or not. It seems that there is a synergistic relationship between both pathogens in the soil.
A large list of nuts includes the beloved peanuts of all. We are so accustomed to the small seeds, hidden in neat bags on the shelves of shops, that sometimes it seems that it grows everywhere, always and grow it simply. And although this representative of warm countries has long become the owner of large, small plantations of other climatic zones, being the closest relative of leguminous plants, we call it peanut. This name he received because of the peculiarities of the formation of the fruit, distinguishing it from the familiar beans, peas, soybeans. On the ground part of the plant a flower is formed that adorns it only for one day. The sacrament formation of fruits occurs under the ground, hidden from the eyes of man. In the mysterious cocoon, resembling in its shape mulberry, tasty fruits ripen. How to grow peanuts in the country, at home is well studied. The technology has been tested not only by professionals, but also simply by amateurs in small summer cottages, even at home.
Thus, the destructive or infectious effects on the crop turned out to be much more important at the roots of the crop and, therefore, at the final yields. Ongoing experiments are trying to find peanut lines capable of representing certain levels of disease resistance. These attacks were much more serious when the seedlings developed after the postpartum herbicide treatment.
In these conditions of stress, the pest can affect the quality and yield of the crop. On peanut plantations, the presence of some viruses has been described. Other viruses were described in South African farms, viruses were transmitted mechanically from infected leaves of host plants.
The benefits of peanuts
Many beneficial features peanuts have been known for a long time. Scientific studies that reveal the chemical composition of peanuts, confirmed the effectiveness of its use in the organization of proper nutrition. Use as a preventive, supportive agent in the treatment of many diseases. Vegetable fats, proteins, well absorbed by the body, vitamins, minerals are collected in it in a harmonious complex. It allows you to improve memory, hearing, sleep, attention. To assist with exhaustion, overexcitement of the nervous system. Prevent the onset of some forms of cancer. A high value does not lead to weight gain due to the absence of cholesterol. Of course, one must adhere to reasonable amounts recommended by doctors. High protein content may well reduce the amount of consumed meat. As a small snack, you can eat a peanut butter sandwich, a few tasty nuts. The benefits of peanuts to prevent atherosclerosis, heart disease increases with heat treatment. Healing substances are found in the whole plant. Shells, stalks, nuts serve not only as food, but are used in pharmacology, cosmetology, and in solving agricultural problems. It will seem even more useful if you find out how to grow peanuts at home, do it yourself, see all the stages of its development. Some care tips can be found below.
Zinc and copper toxicity in peanuts, soybeans, rice and maize in soil mixtures. Components of resistance to early leaf spot in peanuts - Genetic variability and heritability. Characteristics of a new potyvirus isolated from peanuts. Trauma injuries can reduce the yield and quality of peanuts under conditions of multiple stress. Control Palmer Amaranth in peanuts with herbicides after extinction. Evaluation of peanut breeding lines with resistance to the peanut root - nodal nematode. The emergence of pathogenic microorganisms in peanuts grown in North Carolina.
Peanut Growing
As planting material You can use fresh seeds of ordinary nuts bought in the store. The first but important step is soaking them in potassium permanganate. It is recommended to do this at the end of April. They germinate in about 10 days. Get a two-week seedlings for small plots well in peat cups. Plants in them develop rapidly, they are not damaged by a medvedka, the ripening time comes earlier. When soaking the shell is not removed. Nuts are aged on a damp napkin until sprouts appear. Germinated seeds are planted in the prepared soil. It should be fertile, permeable, last autumn digging. Excess salt content, increased acidity will adversely affect the formation of plants. The composition of the soil is improved by making chalk, lime, dolomite flour. A good effect is made by the introduction of phosphate fertilizers, humus before the spring planting of peanuts. At the same time, as a fertilizer needed by the plant, it is recommended to add a nitrophosphate at the rate of 70 g per one square meter of the area set aside for cultivation. Sowing in the open ground is made from the end of May, if the soil temperature regime is stable at about 15 °. The site should be in an open sunny place with the possibility of effective ventilation. People sign that determines the time of planting peanuts, is the time of flowering viburnum. This coincides with the planting of melons. Usually they make holes 10 cm deep. Place them in a checkerboard pattern at a distance of 35 cm from each other and place three, four soaked seeds, or one, two with a sprout. The seedling method is necessary for growing peanuts in northern places. You can plant individual beans, whole cocoons, on the peel, which, useful fungi and bacteria settle. The main thing is not to forget that their germination after two years of storage is completely lost. Between rows leave a distance of 25 cm. When planning a place for growing peanuts, it is recommended to use improved soil structure due to proper crop rotation. The best predecessors of peanuts include potatoes, zucchini, cucumbers, cabbage. Tomatoes can be a useful companion of peanuts, for which such planting conditions are beneficial because of the possibility of obtaining nitrogen supplied to bacteria developing in walnut tuber.
Recycling hydroponic system for the study of peanuts. Advances in plant lipid research. Secret rights. Growing peanuts, peanuts or peanuts both directly in the garden and in pots in patios and terraces can be very useful. Although we eat peanuts or peanuts, as if this were the case, we do speak of legumes, like those, and those.
Peanut grassy, with several woody stems and can reach 70 cm in height. It has yellow flowers, which, when dried, flush pods containing from 3 to 5 fruits or seeds. Like other legumes, they help fix nitrogen in the soil. When the flowers are fertilized, they produce a shell directed toward the ground and buried. In the line where peanuts grow.
When it comes time for the appearance of beautiful small shoots, you must be careful. The interest of numerous birds stacks towards them is greatly increasing. Without protection, installed stuffed animals, you can quickly lose a significant portion of crops. Peanut refers to moisture-loving plants. In the initial periods of growth it is watered at least once a week. The soil should be wet without stagnant water. The best option is to organize a drip irrigation method. During flowering, the appearance of the ovaries, the plant requires the maximum amount of water. This contributes to the appearance of gynofor, special processes on the formed bush instead of flowers. These are not just the ovaries that any species from the legume family has. Ginofory very short time growing up next to the peanut stems. They independently go to the ground, hiding in it. Only then on them are formed the real ovary of peanuts. At this point, it is necessary to produce an earthing up of the bush to a height of up to 10 cm. The process is repeated every 12 days three times per season. During this time, grows a powerful bush, which does not need to be watered, but only loosen, weed. Mineral fertilizers are applied three times: when the first leaves appear, flowering, formation of ovaries.
How to grow peanuts or peanuts in the garden or in pots
Sowing and breeding: we have the opportunity to plant peanuts directly or prepare seedlings and transplant seedlings later. The peanut itself is sown in holes with a depth of about 2 cm and is deposited between 1 and 2 seeds on the hole. Seeds are covered without pressing on the soil, and watered with care. In the period from 8 to 10 days the seeds begin to germinate. Peanuts are sown in spring. We will leave space for each plant with a size of 30 cm² so that they have enough space for development.
Substrate: the cultivation of peanuts in this regard is not very demanding and requires moderately rich soils in organic matter. Light: Peanuts require full sun exposure. It is not a plant that tolerates shade or semi-humo well. You must receive a direct light so that you can properly blossom.
Germination of peanut seeds depends on many factors not only related to storage conditions. It is enough not to remove them in time in the fall, allowing under the first frost, how you can not count on the shoots next year. Although the taste will remain at the same level. When buying fresh peanuts in a regular store, we do not have any information about the variety or the quality of the seeds. Therefore, the only right decision would be to buy the seeds of the desired variety in specialized stores. For peanuts, this is also important because many varieties of heat-loving plants have now been obtained, adapted for cultivation in conditions that are not ideal for them. All cultural varieties are usually combined into four large groups: Virginia, Valencia, Runner, Spanish. Separately marked types of Red, White Tennessee. A sign of such a division is taste, the content of various aromatic elements, the size of the nut, the magnitude of resistance to various diseases. For cultivation in small areas of central Russia you can buy varieties of local selection. For example. Stepnyak, Klinsky, Adyg, Acorn, Bayan. When large plantings are often used varieties:
- Runner Wild species of this peanut are found in different states of the southeastern United States. In 1940, having assessed excellent taste, the ability of effective roasting, high yields of plants, breeders received a large number of varieties, including from this group. All of them are distinguished by high yields, excellent taste. Among them are Early Runner, Bradford Runner, Southeastern Runner 56-15, AT-108 ’, other varieties. They are most often chosen by manufacturers of various peanut products.
- Spanish group.
The small fruits of the varieties of plants of this group are most often grown in the countries of South Africa, USA. They are inferior in many ways to new varieties of the first group. But their great advantage, which ensures even now popularity, is a high percentage of oil. In the group there are many popular varieties. These are Dixie Spanish, Improved Spanish 2B, OLin ’,‘ Tamspan 90, other varieties. - Virginia. Big sizesThe taste makes this group popular for preparing a variety of peanut products. That is, they are sold in salted form, confectionery. The crop is formed on shoots, bundles.
- Group Valencia. The sizes of fruits, bushes at varieties of this group are the largest. In production, he occupies a privileged position for creating products from boiled peanuts. The harvest has almost no small nuts.
Choose one, two varieties. After two years, they produce their own plant seeds, which are well adapted to their climatic conditions. On a production scale, the transition to the use of a new variety is always associated with a change in the method of planting, the introduction of modified types of seeders, harvesting machines, threshers, and other agricultural equipment.
To determine the time of readiness of the harvest to harvest, you need to carefully look at the bush. Leaves should turn yellow. Cleaning is done on a dry rainy day. Having undermined a bush with a pitchfork, it is gently shaken off the ground. Later harvesting is associated with the loss of part of the crop. Because some of the nuts are detached from the stalks themselves, remaining deep in the ground. Dried nuts together with above-ground stems in the sun for two weeks. The quality of the drying can be determined by the sound that appears when shaking the beans.
Peanuts are affected by the same diseases, they die from the same pests as all legumes. First of all, they are caterpillars, aphid, thrips. Root rot, spotting. Stem lesions, viral diseases. To combat them, there are chemicals that are easy to buy and process in accordance with the instructions. Peanuts do not belong to complex care plants. It began to grow for a long time not only on large plantations, but also ordinary private farms, summer residents and even houses.
Growing at the cottage
The main agrotechnical methods remain the same. Simply, we must bear in mind that for the beds with a nut, you must find a sunny, ventilated place, and not under mature trees. Watering is a must. Usually there is an opportunity for this on the territory of country associations. Landing is recommended to do seedling. This will speed up the ripening of peanuts.
At home
Peanut bushes decorate the window sill, shelf greenhouse. How to grow peanuts at home prompted by expert advice. Landing do in small cups, and then planted on permanent place. At home, it is important to choose the size of the pot correctly so that there is a place for the stems to descend and freely place them under a layer of earth. For this, it is recommended to purchase wide pots. Hilling in them is done by sprinkling fresh soil in the form of a mound in the center of the pot. The pot is placed on a sunny window-sill, a light, warm balcony, avoiding drafts. Having shown care, ingenuity, you can treat your family homemade peanuts, admiring his decorative leaves all summer.
Wherever this wonderful plant grows, it draws attention to itself with beauty, healing properties, creating a real revolution in the system of healthy human nutrition.
See peanut growing tips.
