Cucumbers early ripe self-pollinated. Review of the best varieties of self-pollinated cucumbers

Not long ago in open ground  they grew only cucumber varieties that were pollinated by bees. Such cucumbers have amazing taste, they can be pickled and pickled. But gradually they began to crowd out self-pollinated varieties of cucumbers for open ground (parthenocarpika), or self-fertilizing F1 hybrids. Their fruits can be tied up by bees without pollination. Initially, these varieties were invented for closed greenhouses, but as it turned out, they give high yields, growing on open plots of land.

Partenokarpiki - cucumber varieties self-pollinated for open ground

These cucumbers have indisputable advantages. Self-fertile hybrids are characterized by extremely high yield and quality of green leaves. Their fruits taste great without bitterness. Fruiting occurs continuously, and the plant itself is resistant to the most harmful diseases and adverse climatic conditions. Given the fact that the bee populations are becoming less and less every year, self-pollinated varieties of cucumbers for open ground have become a real find for all gardeners and field farmers. In addition, during the period of mass flowering of cucumbers, the weather is often cool, and then gardeners are faced with a problem: there are plenty of flowers, but the ovary does not. Therefore high high-yielding varieties  Cucumbers for open ground self-pollinated are currently the most popular in modern vegetable production.

F1 Hybrid Emotion

Not so long ago, domestic breeders brought a parthenocarpic hybrid, which possesses not only excellent taste qualities, but is also perfect for pickling and salting. F1 The enthusiasm belongs to the hybrid type kornishonny, to the group " early varieties  self-pollinated cucumbers for open ground. This species is characterized by high yield. The fruits of cucumber are delicious, without bitterness, dark green color, with large tubercles and whitish pubescence. The shape of the fruit is cylindrical, up to 10 cm long. It is these cucumbers that are considered the most successful option for salting. Their skin is rather thin, which contributes to good salt penetration. The seeds in these hybrid cucumbers are absent, so that there is no void inside when it is salted.

Early varieties of cucumbers self-pollinated for open ground Zador is grown both by direct sowing in open ground and through seedlings. The plant is extremely resistant to disease, rot and bad weather. The stem is well branched. Scourge cucumber are half-open, the leaves are of medium size, thereby ensuring a convenient collection of fruits.

Self-cured varieties of cucumbers for open ground F1 Picas

These vegetables belong to mid-season varieties: it takes about 55 days from germination to the fruit. The plants are very powerful, with a long main shoot. The hybrid possesses average pobegoobrazovatelny ability. These cucumbers can be grown in greenhouses or open ground, after holding the plants for some time under the film. In early May, you can make sowing on seedlings. When there are two or three true leaves, the plant is planted in the ground. This usually occurs in May and June. When planting, it is better to use a 40 x 40 scheme.

The fruits are dark green in color, have a cylindrical shape and reach 20 cm with a mass of 180-220 grams. Up to three ovaries form in each plant node. The hybrid is quite resistant to rot and This variety has a high degree of yield. Tastes excellent. Bad for salting.

Hybrid Raphael F1

Self-pollinated varieties of open-cucumber F1 Raphael are medium-ripening hybrid species with a period of 50 days from germination to fruiting. The length of the main shoots can reach 3-3.5 meters, while the shoot formation is average.

The hybrid is more suitable for greenhouses, however, planting in the ground is also practiced. Sowing on seedlings can be made at the beginning of May, and direct landing in the ground - at the end of the month. The length of the green leaves reaches 20 cm. At the same time, the fruits have high taste qualities. In one node can form up to two ovaries. Fruits are not suitable for salting. The plant is resistant to root rot and various diseases.

White angel F1

Hybrid White angel  F1 refers to mid-season varieties with a very high degree of parthenocarpy (self-pollination). Type of flowering - mixed. The variety is intended both for growing in greenhouses and in open ground (subject to the temporary use of a protective film).

The plant has a high degree of germination. In the sinuses of each leaf can form up to two ovaries. The color of the cucumber is unusual - green and whitish. Fruits reach 8 cm in length and have infrequent tubercles. Fruits can be consumed fresh or pickled or canned. Productivity from one bush - up to 4 kg.

Care for self-pollinated hybrid cucumbers

To obtain high germination of seeds, it is necessary to maintain the temperature not lower than 13 degrees Celsius. The ideal temperature for seed germination is 18 degrees at night and 24 during the day.

Therefore, to sow high-yielding varieties of cucumbers for open ground, self-pollinated (Rodnichok and other pollinated varieties similarly) should be when the soil is well warmed. The garden bed should be located on the sunny side and protected from the wind. Sowing mulch a little with humus, and then cover with film protection to protect the soil from drying out.

There are cucumbers for planting in the open field, which simultaneously have both female and male signs. This feature contributes to the process of selfing, as a result of which fruits are formed with seeds.

The advantages of such varieties are obvious - plants do not need bees to pollinate them. Cucumbers will delight in the harvest in the rainy summer season, whereas in ordinary varieties in bad weather conditions, the flowers fall off, not giving fruit.

  Main varieties and their characteristic differences

Self-pollinated cucumbers are characterized by increased taste and lack of bitterness. Such varieties are famous for their high yield and resistance to the vast majority of diseases and changes in temperature conditions. They provide almost 97% probability of formation of ovaries.

Early varieties of self-pollinated cucumbers have tender and juicy pulp, later - more hard and dry. In the varieties of the average ripening period, these qualities are balanced. Most self-pollinated varieties are suitable for garden beds, and for growing in the greenhouse.

There is also a type of cucumber that does not need pollination - parthenocarpic. Some gardeners often confuse them. The difference is that they are seedless. If you cut a parthenocarpic cucumber, the difference immediately becomes apparent - it has solid pulp and no seeds.

The best self-pollinated varieties of cucumbers:

  How not to make a mistake when buying seeds?

First you need to decide which varieties of cucumbers are suitable for various parameters - the climatic features of the region, the size of the plot (which is allocated for planting cucumbers), the possibility of irrigation and the type of soil. It is also necessary to determine what requirements are imposed on taste, for which cucumbers are needed - for salads or preparations for the winter; for long-term storage, transportation.

In order to get stronger and high-yielding plants, it is advisable to purchase seeds of the third year of storage. More recent may not meet all expectations. If all the rules for storing seeds are followed, then a good germination rate is maintained even after 5-6 years.

  Features of growing

Since self-pollinated varieties are mostly hybrids, they do not need special pre-treatment. It is enough to soak them for 20 hours before sowing in water at room temperature, then lay out on a wet cloth. This procedure will help the seeds germinate faster.

A suitable soil for growing cucumbers should be light and neutral.  Do not plant cucumbers in the same place more often than once in 5 years. They grow well in areas where there were previously tomatoes, corn, potatoes, onions, cabbage and celery.

1. 1. Landing can be started when the earth warms up to +11 0 С, and the air temperature is above +15 0 С.
2. 2. Plant the seeds at a depth of about 2 cm. It is recommended to put one seed in each well, sprinkle with soil and water.
3. 3. It is advisable to plant cucumbers with an interval of a couple of weeks in order to prolong the fruiting.

Plots with self-pollinated cucumbers must be weeded regularly. Later this procedure is carried out once a week. Care is also considered timely harvesting. Ripe fruits are recommended not to tear from the branches, and carefully cut.

1. 1. It is necessary to form cucumber lashes by shortening unwanted processes. Also, it should not be allowed to thicken the landings. Strong curly varieties  It is desirable to grow by tying up plants to a vertical support. This will save space and create additional convenience when harvesting. In addition, it will provide greater access of sunlight to the leaves and branches of the plant.
2. 2. To ensure a good harvest, it is necessary to fertilize with water-soluble mineral or organic fertilizers. The feeding procedure is recommended to be carried out under the root, with a frequency of 7-10 days.
3. 3. Cucumbers need regular hydration. Before the flowering period of the plant, it is desirable to moisten daily. During fruiting, it is recommended to water cucumbers every 4-5 days (with some warm water in the early morning or in the evening to avoid the formation of burns on the leaves).

High yield, good taste, unpretentiousness and increased resistance to diseases are the distinctive features of self-pollinated cucumbers.

Self-pollinated high-yielding varieties of cucumbers for greenhouses.

Comfortable greenhouse conditions - this is not all that is needed to grow a rich harvest. In this case, the very type of vegetable that is resistant to diseases and various discomfort is important. It is also important for greenhouses to choose a self-pollinating plant hybrid, because it is usually difficult for bees to get close to closed ground.

Seed terminology

First you need to understand the terminology that describes the seeds in packs.

What is a hybrid with a female type of flowering? This is exactly the plant that will bring high yield. On the female-type cucumber, the flower will later grow into the ovary, avoiding empty flowers.

There are mostly female seeds of flowering. These varieties and hybrids form both female and male flowers, but the latter are found in small quantities. In this case, empty flowers will also be formed, but their distinguishing feature will be resistance to various diseases.

The next modification is the hybrids of the so-called bouquet type. There are two options for growing. At first, all the flowers begin to bloom at once. In this case, the gardener immediately receives a bountiful harvest. The second option is when the next flower is obtained after the first fruit. In this case, the cucumber hybrid bears fruit for a very long time.

For Russian greenhouses

Previously, breeders were mainly hybrids for open ground. Now the situation has changed, and convenient varieties for the greenhouse have multiplied in number. They are divided into several types, according to the purposes of cultivation: for canning, for pickling, in salads. There are universal varieties. Characteristics differ in terms of ripening: early, late, and mid-season. For greenhouse conditions, it is advised to take self-pollinated cucumbers, or in another parthenocarpic. Also, in conditions of short summer and possible frosts, it is advised to take seeds of early ripening varieties.

"Emelya" has all the necessary characteristics of this culture. This is an early ripe, self-pollinating hybrid, which mainly has female flowers. Most often it is grown to be consumed fresh, but such cucumbers are good for salting. Emelya seedlings become mature fairly quickly: the whole plant needs about 40 days. If we talk about the yield, then you can easily collect about 16 kg per square meter. By weight, the fruit is about 150 g, and in length grows to 15 cm. Separately, it is worth noting its resistance to such diseases as root rot and mosaic.

The next popular type of self-pollinated is Dynamite. It can be used both fresh, and go for preservation and pickling. These seeds are ranked as early ripe. Female-flowered cucumbers ripen for about 40 days, and the crop is harvested more than “Emeli” - up to 18 kg per square meter, however, the weight of the fruit is slightly less - about 100 g.

“Hercules” is a sapogapulated hybrid of late maturation. For maturity, it will take about 62 days. Good taste and salad, and for salting. Type of flowering mixed. It was not for nothing that it got its name, because its yield is in many ways superior to many varieties. So, with one square meter with proper care, you can remove about 30 kg! The harvest itself is also of a large size - about 170 g with a length of 15 cm. However, despite the fact that the variety is considered parthenocarpic, sometimes manual pollination is necessary. But it has resistance to mosaic and cladosporia.

“Farmer” refers to mid-seasoned, self-pollinated varieties of cucumbers in greenhouse conditions. Type of flowering - female. It is resistant to cold, powdery mildew and spotting. It can be said that its harvest does not compare with Hercules. By weight, the fruits reach only 100 g, and in length - 12 cm. But cucumbers of this variety ripen in 50 days.

Among the most popular cucumbers  for the greenhouse can be noted "Zozulu." This hybrid is marked by high productivity, due to the fact that it produces mainly female flowers. Therefore, about 26 kg can be collected per square meter. We should also mention the weight of fruits that can reach 280 g. Such fruits are well suited for salting, but they can also be used in salads. Have resistance to mosaic and spotting.

Crop varieties of cucumbers for greenhouses in particular are represented by the “Swallow”, bred in 2008.  It gives about 50 kg per square meter and even more! “Swallow” belongs to an early variety of their self-pollinated, the fruit reaches a length of 12 cm and has a juicy taste that does not have bitterness. By the way, this species can be planted in open ground, however, the harvest will be smaller.

The best cucumber varieties are represented by “Phoenix Plus”. Breeders made it disease resistant. Diseases, in principle, are minimized. This variety is very prolific, as it is able to bring the crop up to these frosts. It is best to use it in the form of salads, because on the "Phoenix Plus" juicy cucumbers ripen without bitterness.

Early self-pollinated species are represented by Ksana. The type of flowering is female, so there will be a lot of harvest. The fruits of the hybrid are beautiful and have excellent taste, it is advised to buy farmers for subsequent sale for the sake of commerce. What else is good this grade? He is not afraid of the cold and can bear fruit well even in polycarbonate greenhouses without heating.

"Zubrenok" is derived from the no less famous variety "Spring". Good in the form of salads and salted, refers to the early self-pollinating varieties that bear fruit after 45 days. The yield is more than 30 kg per square meter, which brings it closer to a commercial variety.

For greenhouses from abroad

Russian breeders consistently surprise summer residents with new varieties. But you can try to choose the best varieties of cucumbers and among foreign samples.

Let's start with Crispin. The seeds of this hybrid are always popular with gardeners. It is noteworthy that these plants can be safely attributed to the precocious, because these varieties of cucumbers for greenhouses ripen in just 30 days! Since cucumbers are moisture-loving plants, they need to be watered often. If you do not have such an opportunity, Crispina will rescue you and your future harvest, as the variety is resistant to aridity. Its seedlings and disease resistance are good: a rare virus will overpower Crispina. A small nuance: fruits like the gherkin need to be harvested when they reach a length of 5 cm. So you will stimulate new ovaries and increase the total yield.

The best varieties of cucumbers for growing in the greenhouse and offer the Dutch. Seeds of Ajax are suitable for those who want to grow plants, both indoors and outdoors. After all, a variety of this culture can, as self-pollinated, and wait for the pollination to bee. Separately, it is worth noting its taste qualities: Ajax produces surprisingly tasty canned food, which the most famous producers of canned vegetables did not fail to take advantage of.

Juicy fruits, which can be used both fresh or canned, are obtained from the “Levin” variety. The predominance of female flowers guarantees good harvest  about 30 kg per square meter. One of the best qualities is disease resistance.

Another unique Dutchman is Herman. If you need early varieties of cucumbers for greenhouses, then choose it. One of the finest qualities is the endurance of low temperatures. Its growth during frosts is slightly inhibited, but does not stop at all. The variety is good for eating in salads, because it never gives bitterness.

Universal

These varieties and hybrids are suitable for growing in a greenhouse, and for cultivating them in the ground without protection.

Early self-pollinated varieties of plants are represented by the variety "Spring". This is a gherkin type of cucumber, because their length reaches only 8 cm. The crop per square meter reaches about 17 kg. Among the special qualities can be noted sweetish taste of the fruit.

“Herman” is another self-pollinated variety that can be used for growing in a greenhouse or placed in open ground. Its fruits are quite early, reach 12 cm in length and have a bright green color. It can be used to preserve in the form of gherkins or wait for a more overall harvest. Among other things, seeds are initially treated with harmful substances for pests, and resistance to diseases makes the variety invulnerable. Therefore, you can collect a good crop of cucumbers.

Growing outdoors with self-pollination

If, in addition to growing in a greenhouse, you want to plant seeds and in beds outside the structure, you also need to choose varieties of self-pollinated cucumbers. These plants are unpretentious, however, and the yield of this from them is lower than that of those planted in closed ground.

Gerda is a medium early variety of self-pollinated plants of this crop. It matures about 40 days. It can be called a gherkin type, because the length of the fruit reaches only 10 cm. "Gerda" has resistance to powdery mildew. The variety is good for preservation, but you can use it fresh.

Another variety of medium early hybrids is the Friendly Family. These self-pollinated cucumbers reach a length of 12 cm, and ripening lasts 46 days. Especially good fruits for salting and in the form of canned food.

Varieties of cucumbers for greenhouses can be listed for a very long time. The most popular of them, those hybrids, which breeders are proud of, and which have been repeatedly tested by summer residents and farmers for yield and disease resistance, were presented to your attention. Of course, this does not mean at all that if you have chosen a resistant crop, it is enough just to plant it in the ground and that’s all. Do not forget that any plant will produce a stable crop. Only if it will feel your charge and care. No matter how resistant the varieties are to drought, cucumbers still love moisture. But excessive humidity inside the greenhouse hinders their development. They also love heat, so the temperature in a closed building must be carefully monitored. Even if it is stated in the characteristics of the variety that cucumbers do an excellent job of lowering the temperature, this does not mean at all that they will produce a high yield under these conditions. Therefore, frost still needs to be avoided.

The most common vegetable is cucumber. Agrotechnics of its cultivation is quite simple, you just need to know some of its tricks. Breeders deduced a huge number of cucumber varieties, confined to the climatic conditions of any locality. In this variety and abundance of varieties is very difficult to navigate and decide in the choice.

Characteristics of varieties for open ground

Having decided all the same to engage in the cultivation of cucumbers, it is necessary to study in detail the necessary conditions for the growth of the selected variety. All the variety of cucumber hybrids breeders are divided into two main types:

1. Cultivated in open ground conditions
2. Grown in greenhouse conditions

Therefore, before planting the selected variety, one should make sure that the plants are suitable for growing under the existing conditions. These subtleties directly affect the yield of the plant and its taste. The correctly selected variety can give a good harvest in the conditions of the north of the country.

Most of our fellow citizens grow these plants in open ground conditions. In this article we will try to tell about the varieties of cucumber, dedicated to growing in such conditions.

Before you engage in the cultivation of cucumbers in the open field should be familiar with many of their characteristic features.

Firstly, if you decide to start growing early varieties of cucumbers, you should know that this category of plants is more susceptible to disease than for example late varieties. In addition, the term of fruiting in early cucumber varieties is somewhat shorter than in later ones. The advantage of early varieties of open ground is the early collection of the long-awaited harvest.

Proper selection of varieties for the conditions of the area will protect cucumber plants from many diseases that may affect cucumber plants zoned to the conditions middle band  our country.

The most common such diseases are:

• Different manifestations of bacteriosis
• Mealy dew

An important feature affecting the growth and yield of open-field cucumber culture is the soil structure selected under the hole. Usually, cucumbers are planted on friable and sun-warmed soils containing some fertilizer.

If you decide to plant cucumbers on virgin soil, you should take care of:

• The necessary cultivation of the soil, otherwise all lashes will often be overgrown with weeds.
• Before sowing, the selected area should be well fertilized, with the calculation of one bucket of manure per site of one square meter.
• Cucumber plants are best planted after such predecessors as cabbage, onions or tomatoes.

Cucumber plants are grown and seedling method, and the method of direct planting of seeds in open ground. In the conditions of open ground, it is the seedling method that will contribute to obtaining early harvest.

Planting cucumber plants directly into the open beds is carried out from the twenty-fifth of May dry seeds. If the seeds are pre-germinated, they are best planted in open ground since early summer, when the soil warms up for sure.

With the onset of the active vegetation period in cucumber plants, they should be fed once a two-week period with the following composition: about ten grams of ammonium nitrate is added to one liter of mullein.

Another way of feeding cucumbers based on the dissolution of urea in ten liters of water. Feed consumption is calculated on the basis of the ratio: from two to three liters per square meter of land. With the onset of fruiting, this rate of feeding is increased. Pre-watered the wells to ensure the best penetration of the fertilizer solution into the soil. The dropped drops of the prepared top dressing wash off from leaves abundant watering.

All cultivated cucumber varieties adapted for cultivation in the open ground by breeders are conventionally divided into the following groups: self-pollinated, gherkins, early and Dutch. Consider each group in more detail.

Self-pollinated cucumber varieties for the implementation of the pollination process do not require the presence of bees or any other insects on the site. After self-pollination of such plants, as a rule, there is a bountiful harvest of fruits.

Cucumbers obtained from such plants are characterized by the almost complete absence of bitterness. They are well tolerated by unforeseen climatic anomalies, which are not characteristic of the summer of our region of Russia. Moreover, self-pollinated cucumber plants are practically not affected by diseases.

Today, these varieties are grown in agriculture, where the number of natural pollinators is reduced. Self-pollinated cucumber varieties for open ground are resistant to temperature changes occurring during the flowering period of plants.

The most common varieties of self-pollinated cucumber plants are as follows:

• Orpheus - is an ideal variety for growing in central Russia. Great for making light salads. The shape of the fruit is parthenocarpic. Fruits in the fortieth day. The plant is characterized by strong growth and branching lashes. The leaves are medium green with a smooth edge. The length of the fruit reaches ten centimeters with rare tubercles and white pubescence. For a long time, the fruits do not outgrow.
• Zozulya is one of the most widespread hybrids of cucumber. Ideal for growing in spring and summer. Characterized by a prolonged period of fruiting. The length of the formed cucumbers reaches up to twenty centimeters. The plant is demanding to feed. Cucumber plants varieties Zador different plentiful fruiting selected in the form of fruit. The resulting green leaves have a slight tubercula, crispy and juicy in taste. Fruits early and long, regardless of weather conditions. Pollinated without attracting insects. It is possible to use both for preparation of various types of salads, and for conservation.
• The fruits of the Alliance are parthenocarpic and mid-season. Racks to summer lows in air and soil temperature. Sredneroslye greens can grow up to fifteen centimeters long. On fruits there is pubescence of brown color, white stripes are sometimes noticeable. By taste, the fruit is absolutely not bitter. Ovary group. Hybrids have excellent salad characteristics. Plants are almost not affected by powdery mildew and bacteriosis.
• Little Raccoon - an early ripe variety of cucumber hybrids. Ideal to grow in open ground conditions. Cereals reach a length of nine centimeters. Cucumbers are rare-tuberous, with a dark green color and slight light stripes. Zelenets is dense, crunches when consumed, without bitterness. Resistant to pathogenic effects.

Early varieties of cucumbers

Early cucumber varieties are in great demand among gardeners. A bountiful harvest in such species is the very first. Early varieties are divided into bee pollinating and parthenocarpic. Bee pollinated varieties can not please the gardener with an abundance of harvest if during the months of May and June cold rainy weather prevailed. But parthenocarpic hybrids of open ground from early spring who were under temporary shelters will delight early Zelentsy.

The most common of these is the variety - Murom.

It is characterized by high yield and unpretentious to the conditions. You can collect the fruits on the thirtieth day after the shoot of the plant. In addition to the Muromskiy variety, early varieties such as Ekol F1, Courage F1 and many others are most popular with the population. The fruits of these varieties are great for making various summer salads and dishes that can remove hunger in hot weather.

Hybrids of the Moscow Dude variety are also ideal to grow on open beds.

Plants give early fruits, mostly pollinated by bees. Quite resistant to the manifestation of most diseases. Egg-shaped Zelentsov has light stripes. Along the length of the fruit grow to thirteen centimeters, characterized by excellent taste and high yield.

Gherkins are excellent for growing under the conditions of open beds. These are small cucumbers, very demanding on the soil composition. For them, the most favorable soil rich in calcium. Ideal for pickling including at home.

The most popular with gardeners enjoy the following gherkins:

• "Son of the F1 Regiment" - is a high-yielding hybrids used for growing in open ground. They have medium tall characteristics and light green in color. Cylindrical gherkins have a low glossy finish on the surface. Shrubs are able to bear fruit for a long time. The variety is not affected by powdery mildew.
• Cucumbers "Moth F1" have a long period of fruiting. Gherkins meek cylindrical, narrow with small grooves. On the fruit visible stripes. Bitterness is not in taste. Very resistant to adverse conditions.
• "Filipok F1" is characterized by the formation of early ripe hybrids. Suitable for growing in open beds. Fruits have a dark green color, cylindrical shape. Bright strips are visible on the surface of such gherkins. For a long time do not turn yellow. The fruit is almost not exposed to downy mildew.

Dutch cucumber varieties recommended for cultivation in open ground conditions are especially popular with the population of our country. Before growing, amateur gardeners choose the varieties that are most suitable for growing in specific weather conditions:

• Ideal for use variety - Pioneer F1. Its fruits ripen on the fiftieth day from the emergence of shoots. The plant is resistant to cucumber disease and weather surprises.
• For canning the fruits of Baryon variety are ideal.
• Versatile in terms of the use of the variety - Marinda, has high yield properties.
• Angelina F1 is a variety of Dutch cucumbers, characterized by early terms of fruit ripening. Plants are unpretentious in growing and are able to pollinate themselves. The fruits are very juicy, in length reach fourteen centimeters. Angelina F1 cucumbers can be consumed fresh or canned. Plants of this variety have good resistance to damage by the majority of known diseases.

Among the presented variety of groups and varieties of cucumber culture, everyone will be able to choose their own plant for themselves. It is only necessary to carefully read the conditions of their growth and recommendations for use.

More information can be found in the video.

MegaOgorod.com

Review of the early popular varieties of cucumbers

Before you start planting this vegetable, select its variety. In this question there are several criteria: the rate of ripening, the place of growth, the amount of yield. You always want to eat the grown fruit in the garden quickly. We will look at the most popular early cucumber varieties to help you make the right choice.

By the rate of maturation, they are early, mid-ripening and late-ripening. But even those that ripen quickly have several subcategories:

• early;
• ultra early (it is also called super early).

In each of the categories there are representatives of both pure species and vegetable hybrids pollinated by insects and self-pollinated. Many of the varieties can be saved for a long time, and some are designed for preservation, but, in any case, if you want to eat this vegetable as soon as possible, then you have nothing left to do but grow early cucumbers.

Sorta

A variety is a crossed plant of the same species. In cultivation early cucumbers there is a nuance that, having missed, to collect the fruits as quickly as I would like, will not succeed: the shoots of such cucumbers were initially tied up with male flowers that need to be removed so that they do not take all the energy of the plant towards themselves.

The advantage of cucumbers of this type over hybrids is only that it is permissible to grow new crops from their seeds, and from those - the following. Seeds of hybrids are suitable only for planting once.

Among ordinary cucumbers there are specimens giving early harvest. Below we look at the most popular ones.

The baby is an ultra early cucumber, whose crop is harvested 30-40 days after germination. A distinctive feature is the versatility of use.

Of the other characteristics noted:

• the absence of bitterness in the fruit;
• fruits do not turn yellow;
• refers to bee-pollinated;
• it is intended for landing in an open ground;
• preserved in good condition for 10 days.

Altai - a representative who will give fruit on the 37th day.

Of the other peculiarities inherent in it, small fruits should be noted, and the suitability of its use as salads.

Zozulya. Representative of early cucumbers (the growing season is 46-48 days).

Of the characteristics note:

• lack of bitterness;
• cylindrical, slightly bumpy shape;
• resistance to many diseases;
• use both fresh and suitable for preservation;
• distinctive feature - it is permissible to grow it not only in the open field and greenhouse, but also in the apartment on the windowsill.

Kustovoy. It will give an early crop of cucumbers, the period of its growth varies from 45 to 50 days. Its main feature is its high yield, from other properties note:

• ten centimeter tuberous fruit;
• high endurance;
• disease resistance;
• it is more intended for cultivation in an open ground;
• suitable for salting.

Elegant - one of the earliest. It is pollinated by bees, which is typical for cucumbers of this species. Planting it in open ground is preferred by seedlings. The characteristic features include the fact that the fruits do not turn yellow, have excellent taste, the plant itself is relatively resistant to diseases. It canned and consumed fresh.

F1 hybrids

If everything is clear with ordinary cucumbers, then having heard the phrase "F1 hybrid", some novice gardeners are perplexed and bypass them.

For a start, let's see what this mystical name means. To get a hybrid, the seed of two plant varieties is crossed. Why is called F1? From the Italian word "filli" translates as "children", which, in fact, are hybrids. The number after F stands for "generation".

Cucumbers of this type have advantages: they have an increased vitality, they grow rapidly, give best harvestthey are hardy and less subject to various vegetable diseases.

They, like their relatives, have early varieties of cucumbers. What are the most popular, we consider below.

Masha F1 is one of the ultra-ripe representatives. The period of growth ranges from 35 to 40 days, which is typical of this type. Of the characteristics should be noted:

• excellent taste;
• suitable for use in raw form and for preservation;
• early short tuberous fruits of the correct form;
• resistant to diseases;
• transfers temperature drops;
• cultivation is permissible to produce both in open ground and in the greenhouse.

Herman F1 - self-pollinated, very popular among gardeners. He gained his fame due to the fact that he has absolutely no bitterness. In addition, it has a number of other positive characteristics:

• he belongs to one of the earliest cucumbers (ultra-early) ,   and the growing season ranges from 35 to 40 days;
• is a short tuberous fruit;
• not afraid of temperature changes;
• resistant to diseases;
• consumed both raw and canned;
• grown on open ground and in the greenhouse.

Moscow evenings F1 - refers to the type that give a rich early crop of cucumbers. The plant is parthenocarpic. According to the characteristics, the following should be noted:

• the vegetable tolerates shading well, yielding considerable yield;
• allowed to grow in open ground and in the greenhouse;
• inherent resistance to many diseases.

Marshmallow F1 is a species with a long period of fruiting, which gives early cucumbers (fruits appear on the 43-48 day after germination). The variety distinguishes the following :

• pollinated by insects;
• cucumber has excellent taste;
• for a long time can be saved without loss of appearance and quality of taste;
• has a high yield.

Cupid F1 is one of the short-growing hybrids that are self-pollinated. The plant itself is powerful enough, 8 fruits are produced in a single node in a delirium. This hybrid is distinguished from all relatives by a unique ability to withstand high temperatures. Grow this early hybrid acceptable seedlings and seedless way mainly in greenhouses.

Surely, every gardener wondered how to grow early cucumbers. By and large, there is nothing difficult in the process. The main components of a successful result are:

• variety;
• film;
• seedling method of growing cucumbers;
• predecessor vegetables.

Under the conditions of care and planting vegetables, which are usually indicated on the package with seeds, the early harvest of tasty cucumbers will certainly appear on the table.

Video "Varieties of cucumbers"

In this video, an overview of the most popular varieties  and cucumber hybrids, as well as growing tips.

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Choosing cucumber seeds for the greenhouse self-pollinated

Cucumbers are one of the most ancient and quite popular. vegetable crops, the fruits of which are eaten unripe. According to the prevalence of growing in greenhouse conditions, cucumber ranks second after a tomato. Since cucumbers are a welcome delicacy and successfully enter the diet, their use in cooking involves not only fresh, but also pickled and canned form. Surely every gardener wants to buy for growing such a variety of cucumbers, which will fully satisfy his needs and please with a bountiful harvest.

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For the speedy harvest in greenhouse conditions, self-pollinated and parthenocarpic cucumber varieties come to the aid of the gardener. To date, the abundance of seeds of all sorts of varieties and hybrids with different qualities and advantages, can get even a certified agronomist to think. In order not to be mistaken in choosing the best selection of cucumber varieties that meet the requirements set for it, you should carefully consider this issue.

Varieties and hybrids

Cucumbers are usually distinguished by varieties and hybrids. From hybrids, varieties are distinguished by the continuity of the plant of all the features characteristic of its ancestor. It is worth noting that the price of high-quality seeds is much lower than the seeds of hybrids. Also, varietal seeds provide an opportunity for further use of the seed obtained, which has a positive effect on the savings associated with its annual purchase. Unlike varieties, hybrids with the “F1” index (heterotic) will not produce offspring similar to the parent plant, since the combination of the characteristic features of such hybrids appears only in the first generation. But despite this, hybrid plants grown from seeds have a number of undoubted advantages such as:

• high tolerance to temperature extremes and adverse weather conditions;
• high resistance to diseases;
• high yields good quality  and the correct form;
• higher than the varietal ancestors the rate of fruit ripening.

When choosing cucumber seeds for planting, preference should be given to domestic, preferably zoned hybrids, since the seeds of Dutch and German hybrids are adapted to the conditions of European experimental farms, which are very different from the conditions created in greenhouses in our backyards.

Difference in pollination

Hybrid and varietal cucumbers by the method of pollination are divided into:

• self pollinated;
• parthenocarpic;
• insect-borne.

Self-pollinated and parthenocarpic varieties of cucumbers are considered most suitable for growing in greenhouse conditions, since attracting pollinators to insects in a greenhouse requires considerable effort, consisting in regularly spraying flowers with sugar-containing solutions, or preliminary planting plants attractive to insects. The difference between self-pollinated and parthenocarpic cucumber varieties is as follows:

self-pollinated plants in their flowers combine both female and male flowers (pistil and stamen), which allows them to self-pollinate with success;

parthenocarpic plants predominantly have female-type flowers and are able to tie fruit even without pollination. Seeds in such fruits are usually absent.

Yield assignment

When buying seeds of a variety for growing in a greenhouse or greenhouse, your choice should be made on the basis of personal preferences or the purpose of the future harvest. Depending on the method of use, cucumbers are divided into universal, salad and canning (pickling).

Salad varieties

To the seeds greenhouse cucumbers, which are best suited for fresh consumption include the following varieties:

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• Growing cucumbers in a greenhouse or in the open field - two different things, so the choice of seeds for planting should be approached thoroughly.

So, in order to help a young gardener or “refresh your memory” for an experienced summer resident, you should consider several varieties of presented fresh vegetable.

Varieties of cucumbers with photos and descriptions

If you have not yet decided how you will plant cucumbers, consider the presented varieties, which are divided into groups according to the characteristics of cultivation.

Tuft ovary

Varieties of cucumbers with a bundle ovary appeared "to the light" relatively recently. A few years ago even experienced gardeners  did not know anything about the presented species of hybrid.

The difference of the seeds is in the formation of ovaries in the form of a bundle, the average number of cucumbers in which exceeds 5-7 pieces. The advantage of a hybrid - high yield. According to the breeders and the gardeners themselves, from one bush they harvest up to 20 kg of fresh vegetables.

The following varieties of cucumbers are among the most productive seeds of the bundle ovary:

1. “F1 Mother-in-law” is a self-pollinating hybrid, capable of giving a full-fledged harvest both when grown in a greenhouse and in open ground. Since the variety is related not only to high-yielding, but also to early ripening seeds, it should be planted depending on the established warm weather. 1.5 months after planting, you can enjoy delicious vegetables.
2. “F1 Avalanche” is a universal hybrid that forms no more than four fruits in a bundle. The average length of a cucumber reaches 8 cm.
3. F1 Piccolo is a self-pollinating variety for planting in greenhouses and in open ground. Frost resistance and disease resistance contributes to the rapid maturation of vegetables - no more than 40 days after planting.
4. F1 Ajax - dutch selection, characterized by high yield and fruit length of 12 cm. Suitable for canning and preparation of salads for fresh consumption.
5. “F1 Green Wave” - differs by long fruiting, up to seven ovaries can form in the nodes. Resistant to all weather conditions.

All varieties of cucumbers are excellent for self-cultivation in greenhouses and open ground. Beginners can safely take up the landing, since care for these hybrids is practically not required.

Single-stalk species

Among the most popular varieties can be called cucumber varieties that do not require formation, or single stem. These are the seeds that do not require formation during the growth process — nipping side shoots.

They are great for self-cultivation for beginners, as well as those gardeners who simply lazy or do not have time to properly care for the sprouting bushes.

Among the most common varieties emit:

• "F1 Sarovsky" - a variety for planting in greenhouses, intended for growth in the north-western regions of Russia;
• "F1 Petrovsky" - a variety that is not different from the previous representative, but intended for planting in open ground;
• "F1 Northerner" - ultra early variety, but requires the cultivation of seedlings, followed by "moving" to a permanent place;
• "F1 Saar" - also requires additional cultivation of seedlings, but is able to grow under a simple film cover.

Single-stalked hybrids that do not require formation are very popular, since almost all seeds belong to the early ripening or ultra-early ripening species.

The most fruitful

Of course, every novice summer resident has a quite interesting and fair question: which cucumber varieties are the most productive?

This question is brewing in a beginner not by chance, because his fear of not succeeding in self-cultivation requires at least some moral satisfaction. It should be noted that this is correct, because the most fruitful seeds often do not require time-consuming care.

The most fruitful varieties include the following varieties of cucumbers:

1. "F1 Pinocchio" - refers to a frost-resistant high-yielding shear variety, in the ovaries of which you can count at least six fruits. The length of each cucumber does not exceed 8–9 cm, and its weight reaches only 100 g. It is intended for canning and fresh consumption.
2. "F1 Noble" - requires pollination by bees, which can cause difficulties in cultivation. Fruits reach up to 13 cm, and the weight is only 100 g. Breeders talk about high yields - at least 14 kg of crop can be harvested from 1 m2 of bed.
3. "F1 Dasha" - the same bee-pollinated variety, able to withstand any infection and disease of the root system.
4. "F1 Vivat" - grown in open ground or under a temporary film. It has a high yield ( up to 11 kg per 1 m2) and the fruits of a cylindrical shape.
5. "F1 Cellar" - requires pollination by bees, has an extremely high yield - from 1 m2 at least 15 kg of crop.

The varieties presented require special care as well as selection. For example, some of the varieties of seeds grow well in a greenhouse, others in open ground.

Before buying, you should decide how you will grow cucumbers yourself.

All about growing cucumbers, video:

Cucumber seeds for the greenhouse

Now it is time to isolate the whole question a bit and find out which cucumbers should be planted in a greenhouse. As a rule, mainly self-pollinated cucumber varieties are planted here, because insects cannot penetrate into the greenhouses, which means it is difficult to wait for the harvest.

But these seeds can be divided into different groups depending on the conditions of planting and growth, which should be considered more closely and in detail.

Self-pollinated varieties

Self-pollinated varieties of cucumbers for the greenhouse  - the most top seeds  for disembarkation, which are distinguished not only by the lack of painstaking care, but also by the possibility of choosing the possible ripening time. The following popular varieties of self-pollinated varieties of cucumbers for planting in greenhouses are distinguished:

1. "Balagan" - includes several hybrids, such as "Hummingbird", "Balcony", "Machaon" and others. All the varieties are different endurance, as well as a large crop, which is used in the preservation and preparation of salads.
2. "Courage" - early-ripening variety, the ripening time does not exceed one and a half months after the first shoots. The average length is about 14 cm, it is highly resistant to diseases and pests.
3. "Connie" - a great taste makes it possible to use cucumbers for salting and fresh consumption. High yield varieties, not less than 16 kg per 1 m2 of planting.
4. "Berendey" - fruits reach a length of at least 14 cm. Bushes are resistant to any unpleasant manifestations. Can grow in the shade, so they are often used for self-cultivation at home on the balcony or windowsill.

When choosing seeds for self-planting, be sure to consider the climatic conditions. You should not purchase seeds that are not intended for cultivation in your area.

If polycarbonate greenhouse

When a polycarbonate greenhouse is used at the dacha, the selection of cucumber seeds should be slightly different. So, you should take into account the fact that polycarbonate greenhouse allows you to grow vegetables until mid-November.

This means that the choice should fall on the varieties of cucumbers, which have long maturing properties. Among the many varieties should be highlighted the best varieties of cucumbers for polycarbonate greenhouseswhich include:

1. "F1 Hercules" - refers to the late ripening representatives, therefore, landed directly in the summer, taking into account late harvest. Gardeners, although they use the presented seeds for planting in greenhouses, they complain about the necessary manual self-pollination.
2. "F1 Emelya" - high yield - this is the main advantage of the presented seeds. Differs in early and long ripening.
3. "F1 Dynamite" - does not require pollination and grows well without additional and painstaking care. The average size of one fruit reaches about 14 cm weighing 150 g.

As a rule, almost all cucumber seeds intended for planting in polycarbonate greenhouses require the initial cultivation of seedlings, which should also be carried out in accordance with all existing rules, which will be discussed later.

High yield in the greenhouse

In order to achieve a high yield in the independent cultivation of cucumbers in greenhouses, one should take into account the climatic conditions, which begins already at the stage of seed selection. For example, if you wish to be engaged in cultivation in the winter, then you should choose frost-resistant varieties.

Among the popular seeds emit the most fruitful varieties of cucumbers for greenhouseswhich include:

• F1 Masha is a variety resistant to pests and other fungal diseases, which is popular among numerous varieties of seeds;
• "F1 Granddaughter" - self-pollinated and high-yielding vegetable variety resistant to diseases, fruit length does not exceed 9 cm;
• "F1 Orpheus" - resistant to root rotting, the fruits have characteristic lumpy light stripes;
• “F1 Relay Plus” - requires pollination of bees, which is why it is often used for planting and growing in open ground, the yield of growing in greenhouses is at least 4 kg per 1 m2.

The correct choice and observance of all the conditions in the cultivation of a certain sort of cucumber helps to get a large number of fruits, tasty, without bitterness, used for fresh consumption and preservation.

Three ways of vertical cultivation of cucumbers, video:

Cucumber seeds for open ground

Cultivation of cucumbers in open ground  seriously different from greenhouse conditions. Here you can choose seeds that require pollination by bees or self-pollinated.

In this case, each variety is distinguished by the given characteristics of breeders, which should be taken into account when choosing. First of all, we are talking about climatic conditions. Before you buy, carefully read all the information on the package.

Bee pollinating

There are the following varieties of seeds requiring pollination by bees:

• "Competitor" - designed for salting, resistant to external adverse factors, has an average yield of 3-5 kg ​​per 1 m2;
• “Graceful” - refers to the early ripe representatives, has a high yield - up to 5 kg per 1 m2;
• "F1 Zozulya" - an early ripe hybrid with a yield of at least 7 kg per 1 m2;
• “F1Twixy” is an ultra early variety, since the first fruits can be seen already a month after germination.

There are several dozen varieties for cultivation in the open field. An important condition in landing is the provision of conditions for pollination - you need to try less to cover the bushes. You should also remember that in the rainy season, the crop of cucumbers will always be low, because insects fly a little.

Selfing

In recent years, self-pollinated cucumber varieties have been increasingly acquired for cultivation in the open ground. Here are the following most popular self-pollinated cucumber varieties for open ground:

• "F1 Leader" - the fruits of a cylindrical shape are formed within 1.5 months after germination, under the condition of covering with film, the crop is doubled;
• F1 Novgorodian is resistant to sharp fluctuations in temperature, the fruits ripen until the first frost.

Virtually all self-pollinated varieties grow better with periodical covering of bushes with film. This condition is not so important, but useful.

Proper cultivation of cucumber seedlings

When the seeds are selected, you should proceed to their proper planting. Often, cucumbers require additional cultivation of seedlings. This can be done by purchasing the seeds in a specialty store, or by preparing them yourself.

How to pick cucumber seeds at home?

1. Of course, seeds are harvested through the processing of self-grown fruits. Here preference is given to the crop, which ripened on the second or third "circle". Carefully and seriously should be taken to the choice of a cucumber, acting as the "progenitor" of seeds.

2. Cucumber should have a completely dried end and a characteristic yellowish tint, which indicates the "over-ripeness" of the cucumber. As a rule, in this specimen you can find large and swollen seeds - an excellent “material” for further cultivation.

3. After selecting a cucumber, it must be cut in half lengthwise. Selection of seeds is carefully carried out with a spoon. Do not immediately wash the selected seeds. They are best put in a container and put in a warm place for a few days to ferment.

4. As soon as you notice that the existing flesh has subsided, you can start washing using a regular kitchen sieve. Dry the seeds in a shaded area at room temperature.

Seed preparation for planting

Before planting the selected seeds, several manipulations should be carried out to prepare them. If the seeds were purchased in a specialized store, most likely, their processing was fully and successfully completed.

They can be planted safely in the prepared soil. Cooking should be self-selected seeds. Here they do the following:

1. At the initial stage, the selection of seeds suitable for planting in the ground should be carried out. Prepare a saline solution: dilute 3 g of salt in half a glass of water. Once the salt is completely dissolved, pour all the available seeds into the water. Hollow, of course, float - they are not used for disembarkation.
2. After sampling, the full seeds that are on the bottom are decontaminated. Prepare a solution of manganese: per 100 g of water, add 1 g of dry potassium permanganate. Place in the resulting solution all the seeds intended for planting, for half an hour. After the time expires, remove the seeds, rinse and dry them at room temperature.
3. Create seeds all the conditions for germination. To do this, place the seeds in a damp cloth and a warm place ( up to about 28 degrees). Make sure the rag is always wet. You can use special solutions that stimulate the growth of plants and vegetables.
4. As soon as the seeds are “covered” and the sprouts reach 3 mm, they should be placed in the same damp cloth in the refrigerator. Thus, the properties of frost resistance are “set” by the seeds.

After all these steps, the seeds can be planted. The soil should also be prepared in advance - this will increase the germination rate.

Soil preparation for planting

It is better to prepare the soil in advance so that it can stand for several days, completing all the reactions created. Preparation of the soil looks like mixing in equal amounts of components such as.

There is hardly a gardener who does not plant cucumbers on his plot. India is considered the birthplace of this plant. Cultivate cucumber, as a garden plant began in ancient Egypt and the Roman Empire. Later gained distribution in almost the entire world. We will tell a little about the cultivation of cucumbers in the conditions of central Russia in the open field.

Preparation for cultivation begins long before the cucumber seed enters the ground. Here with the preparation of the earth and should begin. Cucumbers are not suitable for growing heavy, acidic soil. For planting it is better to choose areas with light, well-fertilized soils.

Determine the composition and acidity of the soil

It is best to do a soil analysis in the laboratory, but you can determine it at home.

Soil composition

1. When wetted with water, clay soil is easy to roll into the cord, does not crack when twisting.
2. Loam can be rolled into a cord when wet, but twisting will not work out anymore, it will break.
3. Sandy soils can be easily rubbed between the fingers. When moistened in the cord do not roll, only in the ball.
4. From the moistened sandy soil in general do not blind anything. Neither cord nor ball. Will crumble.

Soil acidity

If there is no litmus indicator paper to determine the acidity of the soil, the simplest determination can be made by the reaction of the soil to vinegar. Put some earth on the glass and pour vinegar on it. A strong foam will tell about alkaline soils, the average formation of foam - the soil is neutral, there is no foam - the soil is acidic.

For cucumbers, sandy or easily loamy soils with neutral acidity are good. If necessary, you can change the composition of the soil by adding peat or sand, and you can change the acidity using chalk or dolomite flour.

Fertilization

Cucumber requires fertilized land, so in the fall add 9-10 kilograms of manure per square meter of soil. In the spring, it is better to bring in half-manure. In the autumn you can make, in the absence of manure, superphosphate. Per square meter 40-50 grams. Ammonium nitrate may be applied in the spring - 10-20 grams per square meter. Not bad and add wood ash 20-25 grams.

The best predecessor on the soil for cucumbers will be cabbage, onions, tomatoes, potatoes of early varieties.

Seed preparation

Seed preparation is best to start with soaking and germination. At the same time, weeding out substandard, not germinated seeds will immediately occur. You can germinate on wool, filter paper, in sawdust. For germination takes warm water. You can use the solution with the addition of growth stimulants, such as Gumistar or Shining-2. Prepare the solution according to the instructions on the package of the stimulator.

Sprouted seeds should be planted in separate containers or peat pots with a volume of 350-400 ml, so as not to damage the roots of sprouted cucumbers during transplantation. Germination of cucumber seeds lasts up to 5-6 years.

Landing in open ground

In conditions of central Russia, seedlings of cucumbers are planted in open ground during the second decade of May. You can land in 2-3 terms, making the gap between plantings in 7-10 days. So we will extend the time of aging and the collection of fresh cucumbers. Cucumbers are always planted in the recess (hole). The hole will provide better water access and will be able to add soil to the roots of the plant. Adding soil will lead to an increase in the root ball, as a result, the fruiting period will last and increase the yield.

Cucumbers are quite responsive to the following conditions:

1. Application of organic fertilizers.
2. Regular loosening of topsoil.
3. Ground temperature Do not plant seedlings at soil temperatures below 14-16 degrees C.
4. Avoid drying out and excessively wetting the ground. When dried, the plant will die, with an excess of moisture possible rotting of the roots.

In the excavated shallow trench to make a well-rotted compost or humus. Sprinkle with a layer of earth about a centimeter and seedlings are transferred to the well made. Seedlings should be watered well to prevent damage to the root when transported, or planted with a peat pot when germinated in it. Deepen 1-1.5 centimeters below ground level. The best option is to fit on the ridge in 2 rows. The distance between plants is 20-25 centimeters, between the rows of half a meter. For shelter from possible temperature drops, a film cover is necessary. Cucumbers planted in open ground can be left without shelter from June 5-8.

The radish planted on the edge of the ridge will protect the cucumber from spider mites. The neighborhood of cucumber with garlic, cabbage, dill, radish and beans showed itself well.

Video - Growing cucumber seedlings at home

Terms of ripening

In terms of ripening varieties and cucumber hybrids share:

• ultra-fast - aging dates up to 45 days;
• early maturing - ripening time 45-50 days;
• mid-ripening - aging time 50-55 days;
• late ripening - ripening period over 55 days.

Divide and destination cucumbers for pickling, salad and varieties of universal purpose. For cultivation in the open ground most suitable cucumbers for early and middle ripening periods. Do not stop the work of breeders. Varieties of various ripening terms are derived. Below are the most well-known and tested cucumber varieties. Almost all cucumbers that do not need bees are hybrids. Therefore, the annual purchase of seeds will be necessary.

High-yielding, self-pollinated varieties of cucumbers for open ground

Comparative table of cucumber varieties