What hybrids of cucumbers is better to plant. Secrets of growing cucumbers

Cucumbers planted almost every summer resident. However, not everyone knows when and how to plant them correctly in order to get best harvest. And the cucumber is a whimsical vegetable that puts forward a number of requirements for sowing and care. With optimal timing   planting and due attention the plant can grow and bear fruit perfectly both in greenhouses and in the open air. Tips when it is better to plant cucumbers in open ground, you will find in this material.

Features of planting cucumbers in open ground, the choice of a place for planting

When planting cucumbers should take into account a few points. First, it is necessary to choose a place taking into account the preferences of the plant. Secondly, you should follow the recommendations for planting dates. Third, the soil and seeds before sowing need to be properly prepared.

Cucumbers can be planted in two ways: seeds and seedlings. In this article we will focus on the first.

Did you know? Seedling method allows you to get the fruit two weeks earlier than the seed. Sowing on seedlings carried out in May. June 7-10 is the time when it is necessary to plant seedlings of cucumbers in open ground. Before planting, it is necessary to determine the method of planting cucumbers.There are two of them: horizontal and vertical.

Since cucumbers are very thermophilic plants, the area for them is necessary to choose a well-lit, warm, protected from cold winds, especially from the north. It is better if the bed will be located from north to south - so it will be under the sun throughout the day.

When sowing cucumbers in open ground, follow the rules of crop rotation. They can be planted in the place where cabbage, lettuce, peas, potatoes, and tomatoes were previously cultivated. Cannot be placed after cucumbers, beans, zucchini, carrots, melons, because all these crops have common diseases and pests.

  Green vegetable demanding on the composition of the soil.   The plant thanks to good yields if it is placed in fertile, loose soil with neutral acidity.

  The soil for planting is prepared in advance - first in the fall, then in the spring, just before the cucumbers are sown in open ground. In the autumn period, a trench is dug 20-25 cm deep and 70 cm wide. A ditch 30-35 cm deep is made at its center. A 15-centimeter layer of leaves, peat, sawdust, straw, grass should be laid on the bottom.

Right before sowing, the land will need to be fertilized with rotted manure, mullein or bird droppings. You can apply, for example, this method: in a trench dug in the fall, in the beginning of May, a 25 cm layer of manure is poured. Then the soil is disinfected with boiling water with manganese. For the next layer, 5-6 kg of humus is applied to the fertile soil per 1 running meter, one liter jar   ash, 20 g of superphosphate, 10 g of potassium salt. This layer is poured onto manure 20 cm high. Everything is mixed, poured over with a hot solution of manganese and covered with a film. In this state, the ground should warm up to the required temperature for landing.

  Seeds also require preparation - for swelling for 10-12 hours they are placed in water (20-25 ° С).   In this case, the water is changed several times. It is also recommended two months before sowing to begin the procedure of their heating at a temperature above 20 degrees. Also, the seeds can be decontaminated by dipping in a solution of potassium permanganate, and treated with a growth enhancer.

Before sowing cucumbers in open ground, furrow must be watered well. Even repeated watering is allowed. Then we spread the seeds in this furrow, leaving 25-30 cm between each of them. The rows between rows should be 50 cm wide. Cucumbers grow very well on high beds of 25-30 cm, they are slightly warmer than usual ones. Sprinkle the seeds on top with soil, lightly tamp it with the palm of your hand and water it again.

Important! Sowing is best done during the day, in sunny weather. Planting seedlings - in the evening or on an overcast day.

To preserve the necessary moisture and temperature for planting, they must be covered with a film.You can directly cover the soil, but it is better to stretch the film on the arcs. Before the appearance of sprouts, watering is no longer necessary.

When the shoots break through, the film will need to be periodically opened in order to give access to oxygen and not to provoke thermal burns. Shelter is completely removed when the first flowers appear.

When to plant cucumbers in open ground: weather conditions, planting dates, preparation of cucumbers

Planting dates for cucumbers will depend on the climate in which you live, on the weather conditions this spring and summer, and on the variety you choose.

Early sowing

Do not sow cucumbers too early.The earth should warm up well to at least 15 degrees at night. The most optimal temperature for the development of this vegetable crop is +18 ... +26 ° С. If you are interested in how many planted cucumbers in open ground, then it is recommended to do this no earlier than June 5th. Although this date will depend on the climate of the region in which you live. If the soil manages to warm up earlier, and at the end of May - in June, no night frosts are observed, then the earliest sowing is possible from May 15 to 25.

Important! If cucumbers are planted at lower temperatures (10-15 ° C), they can stop growing and even die.

  Another factor that confirms that the very first days of summer will be the best time for planting cucumbers is that cucumber is a short day plant. For normal development, it needs only 10-12 hours of light. Thus, if you plant cucumbers, for example, at the end of June, then a long light day and high temperatures will not in the best way affect the growth, development and productivity of the plant.

If you want cucumbers to give the crop early, in this case, you no longer have anything to do, either planting cucumbers in open ground with the help of seedlings or preferring cultivation in a greenhouse. Seedlings, as with seed planting, will need to be moved to the garden until June 10, but the harvest will be ready 2-4 weeks earlier - until mid-July.

  Choosing early varieties, stop at the "Competitor", "Cascade", "Universal", etc. For planting during this period you should not choose pickling species.

Average sowing

The second sowing of cucumbers, medium, carried out in June. Practically all varieties are suitable for medium sowing. May 25 - June 10 is the second period when you can plant cucumbers in open ground.When planting in June, the harvest can be collected from the beginning of August. Although these terms will differ depending on which variety you plant: early, medium or late ripening.

Late sowing

  For late sowing choose specially designed for this class, the best pickling.   Good for him also fit early maturing varieties, the growing season which lasts 45-50 days. Their harvest will coincide in time with the fruiting of tomatoes. The advantage of this crop is that fresh cucumbers will get on your table until the first frost.

When to plant cucumbers in open ground during summer planting? Dates will depend on climatic conditions and the weather, which is observed in this season. However, definitely, it should be July.

In cool climates, you can resort to the seedling method. If the conditions are hot, the seeds are directly placed in the open ground, however, the plants will need to be tipped with larger crops or covered with agrofibre.

Popular varieties for planting in open ground

One of the keys to success of high fruiting cucumbers in open ground   - selection of the most adapted for such planting varieties. Among them are undemanding and unpretentious, able to endure adverse weather conditions. These are, for example, “F1 Adam”, “F1 Carolina”, “F1 Christina”, “F1 Sweetheart”, “F1 Cappuccino”, “F1 True Friends”.

Juicy and fragrant fruits will please "F1 Athos", "F1 Porthos", "F1 Murashka", "F1 Shchedryk", "F1 Southern Emerald".

If you like canned cucumbers, we advise you to pay attention to the "F1 Zodiac", "F1 Perseus", "F1 Nord". For salting are great "F1 Dasha", "F1 Spring", "F1 Crane", "Zasolochny", "F1 Zanachka."

Did you know? Mark "F" in the title denotes the seeds of hybrids.

Basics of cucumber care in the open field

After planting in open ground, cucumbers will require care in the form of regular watering, weeding, loosening the soil, mulching, hilling and fertilizer.

  Cucumbers are demanding of moisture. If they are constantly not moistened and allowed to dry, then such plants can darken and become brittle leaves. When too abundant watering leaves lighten, lash cease to grow, fruiting deteriorates. If for a long time there will be sharp drops in moisture and temperatures, this can give bitterness to the fruits. The optimal humidity is 80%. A level of 30% and below will lead to a withering of the culture.

• before flowering - 3-6 liters per 1 square. m in 5-7 days;
• with fruiting - 6-12 liters per 1 square. m in 2-3 days.

If during planting no organic fertilizer is applied, cucumbers should be fed throughout the entire period. The first feeding is carried out when the first 2-3 true leaves appear. Next, fertilize throughout the fruiting phase with intervals of 10-15 days. Bring in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It is best to alternate between organic and mineral fertilizers.

  A desirable procedure for the care of cucumbers is loosening the soil.   Roots of cucumbers grow to a depth of 40 cm. However, their main mass is located close to the surface of the soil - about 5 cm. Therefore, loosening in the root zone should be carried out with particular care so as not to harm the roots. You can replace this procedure with mulching.

Also, when the roots are exposed, cucumbers should be spudded. This will help protect them from fungal diseases and will allow them to grow new roots.

  To appear side shoots, plant pinch.   This procedure is carried out on the main stem over the fifth or sixth leaf. This will help improve fruiting.

  If you chose the vertical landing method, then when the whips reach a length of 30 cm, you must begin to tie them up. It is better to do this with wide strips of fabric so as not to damage the plant.

When cucumbers begin to bear fruit, it is important to collect them in a day or two days. The more often you do this, the more cucumbers you can get. After all, each uncleaned ripe cucumber delays the formation of new ovaries. It is better to collect in the morning, since the fruits harvested in the evening wither more quickly.

Important! Mature cucumbers need to be cut with garden shears, since tearing and unscrewing them can damage the whip. In addition, the whips do not like when they are turned and shifted from place to place.   So, we told you how to properly plant cucumbers in open ground. If you successfully select a place and variety, follow the recommendations on agricultural equipment, you will certainly get an excellent and tasty harvest in the desired time frame.

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Greetings to you, dear readers! Today I will talk about the cultivation of cucumbers in the open field. And even if you have been growing cucumbers for decades, you may still find some kind of novelty in the treasury of gardening knowledge.

Growing cucumbers is not an extra challenge, however this culture has its own requirements. For example, cucumber loves light and moisture, and in relation to heat is one of the most thermophilic cultures.

Cucumber - a culture for the cultivation of which are suitable for any soil. However, preference should still be given to fertile soils of sandy and light loamy type with an acidity close to neutral. Such soils have a light mechanical composition and are distinguished by excellent water and air permeability.

When choosing a site for growing cucumbers, it is necessary to consider the condition of groundwater. Cucumber does not like their close standing.

The best predecessors of cucumbers are (practically any of them), onions, cabbage, legumes and solanaceous (tomato, potato) cultures.

For planting cucumbers can not be used ridges after growing beets and pumpkin crops.

Sowing seeds

In open ground, seeds are sown when the soil warms up to +15 ... + 17 ° С. For sowing, wells are prepared in 50-60 cm, which are arranged in one or two rows. When growing cucumbers on the trellis, the wells are made every 20 cm, the row spacing is 30-40 cm. 4-5 seeds are put into each well. Sowing depth - up to 2 cm.

When a plant emerges, it is necessary to thin it out. To do this, the extra seedlings are not pulled out, but carefully cut, so as not to injure the roots of the remaining plants. In late-type cucumbers, when a 4-5 leaf appears, it is recommended to pinch the apical bud. This will accelerate the appearance of female flowers and the formation of the ovary.

Good care or how to grow cucumbers

Cucumber is very picky about temperature. Plants do not tolerate frosts at all and immediately react to a change in temperature: when it is lowered to + 15 ° C, growth slows sharply in plants, and it stops completely at a temperature of + 10 ° C and lower.

The following conditions are optimal for a cucumber:

• air temperature + 25 ... + 30 ° С;
• relative humidity not lower than 70-80%.

Watering should be:

• at the beginning of the growing season (before flowering) - moderate, at the rate of 3-6 liters per 1 m². Watering is carried out every 5-7 days.
• in the period of flowering and fruiting - abundant, at the rate of 6-12 liters per 1 m². Watering is carried out every 2-3 days.

By the way, it is the lack of moisture that makes cucumbers bitter. Water the plants only with warm water (temperature not lower than + 25 ° С). Best time   for irrigation of cucumbers in open ground - evening, in the greenhouse - morning.

To preserve the structure of the soil and prevent damage to the root system and plant shoots it is necessary to use watering cans with sprayers. Do not spray with water.

Immediately after watering, the greenhouse is tightly closed, this contributes to the growth of the vegetative mass of plants and accelerates the onset of flowering.

In late summer, the frequency of irrigation and their volume is reduced. This is due to the fact that excess moisture in cold soils causes the development of root rot.

• the first feeding is at the beginning of flowering;
• the next (every 10-15 days) - at the onset of fruiting.

Total for the season - 6-8 root dressings. Before dressing it is necessary to shed the soil well. As an organic fertilizer is recommended to use a solution of bird droppings in water (1:25) or mullein (1:10). The solution is used at the rate of about 4-6 liters per 1 m².

It is advisable to loosen the soil and weed. However, you should know that root system   The cucumber is located in the upper soil layer. Therefore, in order to avoid its damage, it is better to replace loosening and weeding. By the way, regular readers of my blog also know that this technique contributes to the reduction of watering.

The most pleasant and interesting part of care is harvesting. It is carried out daily, preventing the growth of fruits, as overgrown fruits cause the new ovaries to shrink.

Ways to grow cucumbers

There are several ways to grow cucumbers, each of which has its own characteristics:

Vrastil
  Cucumber cultivation is used mainly on ridges. The uniform distribution of cucumber lashes allows the plants to make the most of the sunlight.

However, with this method of growing plants require very careful care: it is not recommended to disturb the stems of plants. Changing the position of the stems leads to a violation of the orientation of the leaf blades in space, the restoration of which takes time, which delays fruiting.

Growing cucumbers on the trellis
  If you're wondering how to grow good harvest   cucumber, then pay attention to this method. On the ridge, protected from drafts, cucumbers are planted in two lines. Stakes are driven into the ground, and a trellis wire or rail is fastened to them from above. When using a low trellis (up to 0.5 m high), plants do not form and tie up, but simply throw it over the wire (rail) to the other side. When using high trellis (1 m high), cucumber lashes form and tie up with string.

Advantages of trellis culture:   saving space, convenient care, good light conditions, reducing the risk of developing diseases through ventilation, a long period of fruiting, the fruits are clean and in sight.

Growing in barrels
Metal barrels are filled with grass, dung, top with earth. Well shed, covered and allowed to stand for a week. Then 5-8 dry seeds are sown in each barrel and covered with film. When 3 leaflets appear in plants, a frame of arcs is established and regular watering is provided.

This non-standard method of cultivation also has its advantages: saving space, minimal maintenance, fruits are always clean, it is convenient to harvest, spectacular appearance (lash hangs down to the ground, masking the barrel). The most important advantage is getting an early harvest.

How to grow early cucumbers

For early production it is necessary:

• to choose early ripe hybrids, which have an increased resistance to diseases and adverse weather factors;
• be sure to preseed hardening of seeds.

Receive early harvest   can also be using seedlings. To do this, organize steam (warm) ridge height of 30-40 cm, in the middle of which make the hole with a depth of 20 cm and planted seedlings in them. On top of the ridge covered with agrofiber or film, which will protect the plants from frost until the weather is warm.

Another way - early sowing of seeds in the greenhouse, which also provides a good harvest.

In this video, excellent tips on growing cucumbers, taking into account the principles of natural farming. As a bonus, learn more about growing watermelons and melons:

Neighbors cucumber for a good harvest

One of the best neighbors for cucumbers can be called corn. It is planted on the north side, preferably in 2 or even 3 rows in a checkerboard pattern. Throw also on the garden several seeds of radish, coriander and forget about them (let them grow, bloom and attract insect pollinators). Sow around the garden besides the northern side (this flower is also called cosmos. You could hear this name from other gardeners and flower growers). These flowers not only lure beneficial insects, but also give a very light sparse shadow and can even serve as a support for cucumbers.

By the way, I advise you to conduct a small experiment about corn. Sow ordinary corn on one cucumber bed, and sweet corn on the other (as an option, sow popcorn corn). All plants influence the taste of their neighbors and it’s possible to get sweeter cucumbers near sweet corn.

Good cucumbers in the vicinity of peas, beans, kohlrabi, celery, cabbage and cauliflower, sunflower, salad. Only sunflower can be planted as well as corn - from the north. And even the weeds are not completely useless (until they give seeds, of course). So cucumbers feel quite well next to tansy, thistle, swan, schichy. But the rule "everything is good in moderation" refers to the weeds in the first place. They should not be allowed to grow and be seeded.

This is all about growing cucumbers in the open field. I hope that even an experienced summer resident found in the article something useful for himself. Let the cultivation of cucumbers on your site is always accompanied by a bountiful harvest!

And here is an interesting video about the options for tying cucumbers and not only that:

I advise you, dear readers, not to miss the publication of new materials on this blog.