Basic principles of robotics. Thermal power plants. TES structure, main elements. steam generator. steam turbine. condenser Thermal station
An electrical station is a complex of equipment designed to transform the energy of any natural source into electricity or heat. There are different types of similar objects. For example, TES is most often used to remove electricity and heat.
Viznachennya
TES is a power plant that stagnates as a source of energy as it burns organically. How else can you get involved, for example, naphtha, gas, vugilla. At the moment, thermal complexes are the most widespread type of power plants in the world. The popularity of TEC ahead of the availability of organic burning is explained. Naphtha, gas and coal are found in many corners of the planet.
TES - tse (decoding s The abbreviation looks like a “thermal power plant”), among other things, a complex with a high CAC. Depending on the type of turbine, this indicator at stations of this type can be increased by 30 - 70%.
What are the different types of TEC?
Stations can be classified using two main signs:
- I'm grateful;
- type of installations.
In the first episode, GRES and TEC are separated.GRES is a station that pumps out turbine wrapping under the pressure of a steam jet. The decoding of the abbreviation DRES—sovereign regional power station—has now lost its relevance. Therefore, such complexes are often called CES. This abbreviation stands for “condensing power plant.”
TEC - this also allows for expansion of the TEC type. In addition to GRES, such stations are equipped not with condensation turbines, but with heating turbines. TEC stands for "heat and power plant".
For condensing and heating plants (steam turbines), the following types of equipment can be installed at TES:
- steam and gas
TES and TEC: changes
People often get confused and understand. TEC, in fact, as we explained, is one of the varieties of TEC. Such a station is being developed from other types of TES just beforePart of the thermal energy generated by it goes to boilers installed in rooms for heating them or for extracting hot water.
Also, people often get confused by the names GES and GRES. This is related to us first because of the similarity of abbreviations. However, HES is fundamentally differentiated from GRES. It’s hard to see stations appearing on the rivers. However, at the HES, as opposed to the GRES, as the source of energy, it is not the steam that is generated, but rather the water flow itself.
How to get to TES
TES is a thermal power station, where the generation of electricity and its supply are generated simultaneously. Therefore, such a complex may result in lower economic and technological advantages. This will ensure uninterrupted and reliable supply of electricity to residents. So:
- placement of TES with additional lighting, ventilation and aeration;
- caused by air pollution in the middle of the station and around it due to contamination with solid particles, nitrogen, sulfur oxide, etc.;
- It is important to carefully protect the water supplies from wastewater from being lost in them;
- water treatment systems at stations should be updatedhopeless.
TEC robotic principle
TES – tse elektrostation, where turbines of different types can be used. Next, we will look at the principle of operation of TEC from the butt of one of the most widespread types - TEC. Energy is generated at the following stations in a number of stages:
Palivo and okislyuvach come to the boiler. As the first in Russia, the carbon saw is being used. Other fuels from thermal power plants can also include peat, fuel oil, coal, oil shale, and gas. Oxidation occurs when it heats up in the air.
The steam that has been released as a result of combustion in the boiler goes to the turbine. The remaining purpose is the conversion of steam energy into mechanical energy.
The turbines, which turn around, transmit energy to the shafts of the generator, which converts it into electricity.
The steam is cooled and has lost some of its energy in the turbine and goes to the condenser.Here the wine is converted into water, which is supplied through the heaters to the deaerator.
Deae The raw water is heated and supplied to the boiler.
Advantages of TES
TES is, in this sense, a station whose main type of equipment is turbines and generators. The advantages of such complexes are brought to us first:
- cheapness compared to most other types of power plants;
- the cheapness is burning, what is being vikorized;
- Low level of electricity generation.
Another great advantage of such stations is that the smell can be generated at any location, regardless of the presence of fire. Vugilla, fuel oil can also be transported to the station by car or transport.
Another advantage of TES is that it occupies an even smaller area on par with other types of stations.
Nedolyki TES
Obviously, such stations are not only advantages. And they have low deficiencies. TEC is not a complex, which, unfortunately, becomes too much of a mess. Stations of this type can be released in the air simply because of the great volume of smoke and power. Also, the disadvantages of TES include high operating costs compared to GES. Moreover, all types of burning materials that are produced at such stations can lead to harmful natural resources.
How else do you see TES?
The number of steam turbine TEC and KES (DRES) stations operate on the territory of Russia:
Gas turbines (GTES). In this case, turbines are wrapped in steam rather than in natural gas. Also, at such stations, fuel oil or diesel fuel can be used. Unfortunately, the efficiency factor of such stations is not that high (27 – 29%). Therefore, they are mainly used as a backup power source or intended for supplying power to small populated areas.
Steam-gas turbines (SGES). The efficiency factor of such combining stations is approximately 41 – 44%. In systems of this type, both gas and steam turbines transmit energy to the generator. As well as TEC, PGES can be used not only for the power generation of electricity, but also for the scorching of water or the provision of hot water to people.
Butt station
Well, you can get involved in a productive and singing way with a universal object. I am TES, power station. Apply it Such complexes are listed below.
Bilgorodskaya TEC. The capacity of this station will be 60 MW. Turbines operate on natural gas.
Michurinskaya TPP (60 MW). This facility is also subsidized in the Bilgorod region and operates on natural gas.
Cherepovetska DRESS. The complex is located near the Volgograd region and can be operated both on gas and on vugilla. The capacity of this plant is as much as 1051 MW.
Lipetsk TPP-2 (515 MW). It runs on natural gas.
TPP-26 "Mosenergo" (1800 MW).
Cherepetska DRESS (1735 MW). Jerel fired for the turbine complex and vugilla.
Replacement
Thus, we explained what thermal power plants are and what types of similar objects exist. The complex of these things began a long time ago - in 1882 in New York. Through the river, such a system requested from Russia - from St. Petersburg. Today's TPPs are a series of power plants, which account for about 75% of all the electricity that is generated in the world. And perhaps, regardless of the low minus, stations of this type will still provide the population with electricity and heat. However, the advantage of such complexes is an order of magnitude greater than the disadvantage.
What are and what are the principles of the TEC robot? The hidden meaning of such objects sounds something like this - they are energy installations that convert natural energy into electricity. For whom also vikorystvuetsya natural hiking.
TEC robotic principle. Short description
As of today, the greatest expansion has occurred in such objects that see thermal energy. The management of TES is to harness this energy in order to remove the electrical energy.
The operating principle of TEC is the generation of thermal energy, which is also supplied to residents like hot water, for example. In addition, these energy facilities generate approximately 76% of all electricity. This wide range is due to the fact that the availability of organic fuel for the station’s operation is high. Another reason was the fact that the transport of the fire from the place of the video-button to the station itself is a simple and well-established operation. The principle of operation of TEC drives is such that it is possible to recover the heat of the working body for the secondary production of its work.
Substation by type
It should be noted that thermal stations can be divided into types depending on the type of stench they generate. Because the operating principle of TEC is based on the use of non-generative electrical energy (so that thermal energy is not supplied continuously), it is called condensation energy (CES).
Objects designed for the generation of electrical energy, for the release of steam, as well as for the supply of hot water can replace condensing steam turbines. Also, in such station elements there is an intermediate selection of pairs or devices for pressing. The main advantage of the operating principle of TES (TEC) of this type is that the generated steam also functions as a source of heat and benefits the residents. In this way, it is possible to speed up the loss of heat and the amount of water that cools.
Main plantings of TES robots
First of all, let’s look at the very principle of operation, it is necessary to understand what the station itself is about. The standard device for such objects includes a system such as intermediate steam overheating. This is necessary because the thermal efficiency of the circuits with the presence of intermediate overheating will be greater, lower in the system, every day. In simple words, the operating principle of TEC, which creates such a scheme, will be very effective for these very initial and final parameters settings, or without it. From this point you can proceed without any hassle, since the basis of the work of the station is organically scorched and heated in the wind.
Robot scheme
The TEC robotic principle is based on this method. The burning material, as well as the oxidizing material, whose role is often played by the heat of the wind, is fed into the boiler furnace in a continuous flow. The role of fire may include words such as vugilla, naphtha, fuel oil, gas, shale, peat. If we talk about the widest fire on the territory of the Russian Federation, then this is a coal saw. Further, the operating principle of the TEC will be in such a way that the heat, which is created with the help of a fire, heats the water in the steam boiler. As a result of heating, the liquid is converted into saturated steam, which passes through the steam line to the steam turbine. The main purpose of this device at the station is to convert the energy of the steam that has been found into mechanical energy.
All elements of the turbine, which collapse, are closely connected to the shaft, as a result of which the smell develops as a single mechanism. In order to rotate the shaft, the steam turbine transfers the kinetic energy of the steam to the rotor.
Mechanical part of the robot station
The device is based on the principle of operation of the TEC in the mechanical part of the connection with the rotor. The steam coming from the turbine has a very high pressure and temperature. Through this, high internal steam energy is created, which flows from the boiler into the turbine nozzles. Steam jets passing through the nozzle in an uninterrupted flow, with high fluidity, which most often flow into the sound source, flow onto the working blades of the turbine. These elements are firmly fixed to the disk, which, with its own structure, is tightly connected to the shaft. At this time, the mechanical energy of the steam is converted into the mechanical energy of the rotor turbines. To speak more precisely about the operating principle of the TEC, the mechanical action flows onto the rotor of the turbogenerator. Therefore, the primary rotor and generator shafts are closely connected to each other. And then you will have to complete the familiar, simple and intelligent process of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy in such a device as a generator.
Rukh pari after the rotor
After the water steam passes through the turbine, its pressure and temperature drop significantly, and it reaches the next part of the station - the condenser. In the middle of this element there is a reversal of the bet on the country. For this purpose, there is water in the middle of the condenser, which cools it, which is located there behind the help of pipes that run through the middle of the walls of the building. After the reverse reversal of the steam, it is pumped out of the water by a condensate pump and goes into the approaching water drain - the deaerator. It is also important to note that the water that is pumped passes through regenerative heaters.
The main purpose of the deaerator is to remove gases from water that need to be supplied. Simultaneously with the cleansing operation, the activity and warming up of the natural environment is the same as in regenerative warmers. For this purpose, the heat of the steam is collected from what goes into the turbine. The main purpose of the deaeration operation is to reduce acidity and carbon dioxide to acceptable values. This helps to reduce the risk of corrosion on the ducts through which water flows and steam flows.
Stations on Vugilla
A high level of reliance on the TEC operating principle in the form of vicorized burning is avoided. From a technological point of view, the most complex in the implementation of speech is vugilla. Regardless of this, sirov is the main source of life at such sites, the number of which becomes approximately 30% of the underground parts of the stations. Before that, it is planned to increase the number of such objects. It is also important to note that the number of functional parts required for the operation of the station is much greater than that of other types.
How to perform TES on coal fire
In order for the station to function without interruption, vougill should be steadily brought in in sluggish tracks, which is required with the help of special mechanical devices. Further, there are such elements as the quality of the vugilla that is supplied to the warehouse. It was a hot day before the crushing plant. If necessary, it is possible to go through the process of delivering coal to the warehouse and transferring it to crushers from crushing units. After passing this stage, the sirovin is crushed and found at the bunker of the gray vugill. The advancing crust means the material is supplied through the veins to the sawn-coal mlin. Then the charcoal saw, via vicor and pneumatic transportation method, is fed into the charcoal saw hopper. Passing along this route, the river will pass through such elements as a separator and a cyclone, and from the bunker you will go through the veins directly to the pins. The air that passes through the cyclone is moistened with a fan and then fed into the boiler’s combustion chamber.
The gas flow looks approximately this way. The volatile fluid that has settled in the chamber of the combustion boiler passes through successively such devices as the flue ducts of the boiler installation, and then, when the system of intermediate steam superheating is installed, the gas is supplied to the first and second steam superheater. In this type, as well as in a water economizer, the gas gives up its heat to heat the working fluid. Next, an element is installed that is called a superheater. Here the thermal energy of the gas is used to heat up the wind that is needed. After passing through all these elements, the volatile waste passes to the ash collector, where it is purified into ash. After this, the gas pumps extract the gas and throw it into the atmosphere, vikorist for which the gas pipe.
TES and AES
It often comes down to the difference between heat and heat and the similarity between the operating principles of TES and AES.
Whenever you talk about their similarity, then they are just like them. First of all, the insults are caused by the fact that for their work they are exploiting a natural resource that is viscous and hanging. In addition, it can be noted that the resentment of the objects is directed at those that generate not only electrical energy, but also thermal energy. Similarities in the principles of operation also lie in the fact that TES and AES produce turbines and steam generators that take part in the robotic process. Further, there is no more responsibility. They can include those that, for example, the quality of everyday life and electricity withdrawn from the TEC is much lower than the AEC. On the other hand, nuclear power plants do not pollute the atmosphere, waste products are disposed of correctly and accidents do not occur. At that time, as TES, through its principle of work, gradually releases mischievous speeches into the atmosphere.
This is where the AES and TEC robot starts to feel dizzy. Since in thermal objects the thermal energy from the combustion of fire is most often transferred to water and converted into steam, then in nuclear power plants the energy is taken from the uranium section of atoms. The energy needed to heat up various liquids has been eliminated, and the water here is rarely available. Before that, all speech is contained in closed, hermetically sealed circuits.
Heating
At some TPPs in their schemes, a system that deals with heating of the power plant itself, as well as the adjacent village, can be transferred. Until moderate heating of the installation, steam is collected from the turbine, as well as a special line for removing condensate. Water is supplied and supplied through a special pipeline system. The electrical energy that is vibrated in this manner is input from the electrical generator and is transmitted continuously, passing through the transformers that move it.
Mainly possession
We are talking about the main elements that are operated at thermal power stations, boiler houses, as well as turbine units paired with an electric generator and a capacitor. The main importance of the main possession of the additional one is that it has standard parameters for its strength, productivity, betting parameters, as well as for the tension and strength of the stream, etc. It can also be noted that the type and number of basic elements are selected depending on the pressure that must be taken away from one TES, and guide them during operation. An animation of the TEC operating principle can help you understand your nutrition in more detail.
Subject to the accepted date, thermal power plants– a power station that generates electrical energy through the transformation of chemical energy into mechanical energy wrapped around the shaft of an electric generator.
Pershi TES appeared at the end of the 19th century in New York (1882), and in 1883 the first thermal power plant was built in Russia (St. Petersburg). From the moment of its appearance, the TEC itself experienced the greatest expansion, meeting the energy needs of the technogenic century that has arrived. Until the mid-70s of the last century, the operation of TES itself was the dominant method of extracting electricity. For example, the USA and SRSR part of the TEC in the middle of the reduced electricity supply was 80%, while in the world it was about 73-75%.
The most important thing is what I want, but it won’t be clear to me. Let’s try to explain in our own words the fundamental principle of operation of thermal power plants of any type.
Electrical power plant at TES learn from the impersonality of subsequent stages, but the underlying principle is even simpler. Initially, the fire is burned in a special combustion chamber (steam boiler), which produces a large amount of heat, which converts the water that circulates behind special pipe systems located in the middle of the boiler, into steam. The steadily increasing pressure of the steam wraps around the turbine rotor, which transmits the wrapping energy to the generator shaft, and as a result, the electric stream vibrates.
The steam/water system is closed. The steam, after passing through the turbine, condenses and again turns into water, which then passes through the pre-heater system and is again lost to the steam cauldron.
There is a list of types of thermal power plants. This hour in the middle of TES is at its peak thermal steam turbine power plants (TPEM). In power plants of this type, the thermal energy is fired, which is combusted and burned in a steam generator, where the high pressure of water vapor is reached, which drives the turbine rotor and, obviously, the generator. As fuel, such thermal power plants produce fuel oil or diesel, as well as natural gas, coal, peat, shale, and all types of fire. The TPES CAC becomes close to 40%, so the intensity can reach 3-6 GW.
DRES (state district electric station)- Add information and the original name. This is nothing more than a thermal steam turbine power plant, equipped with special condensing turbines that do not utilize the energy of the processed gases and do not convert them into heat, for example, for heating the building. . Such power plants are also called condensing power plants.
Well, that's a bad thing, I guess TPEM equipped with special heating turbines that convert the recycled energy of generated steam into thermal energy that is used for the needs of municipal and industrial services, including combined heat and power plants or combined heat and power plants. For example, in the SRSR, the DRESS part received about 65% of the electricity generated by steam turbine power plants, and 35% - the TPP part.
There are also other types of thermal power plants. In gas turbine power plants, or GTPPs, the generator is wrapped in the form of a gas turbine. Such TPPs usually run on natural gas or sometimes on fuel (diesel, fuel oil). However, the efficiency factor of such power plants is not very high, around 27-29%, so they are used mainly as a reserve source of electricity for covering peaks on the electrical line, or for the electricity of small settlements.
Thermal power plants with a steam and gas turbine unit (SGPP). This power station is of a combined type. They are equipped with steam turbine and gas turbine mechanisms, and their efficiency reaches 41-44%. These power plants also allow you to utilize heat and convert it into thermal energy that goes into combustion.
The main drawback of all thermal power plants is the type of combustion that is vicorized. All types of waste, such as stagnation at the TES, and unsustainable natural resources, will inevitably or inevitably end. They themselves, instructing the local nuclear power plants, are developing the mechanism for generating electricity with the help of storage and other alternative energy sources.
An electrical station is an energy installation that serves to convert natural energy into electricity. The largest thermal power stations (TES) generate thermal energy, which is seen during the sputtering of organic fire (solid, rare and gas-like).
Thermal power plants vibrate approximately 76% of the planet's electricity. This is due to the presence of organic burning in many areas of our planet; the possibility of transporting organic combustion from the place of the vidobutu to the power plant, which houses the survivable energy; technical progress in thermal power plants, which will ensure the development of thermal power plants with great effort; the possibility of recovering the generated heat of the working body and releasing to employees, in addition to electrical energy, as well as thermal energy (with steam or hot water) etc.
A high technical level of energy can only be ensured if there is a harmonious structure of generating forces: in the energy system there are culprits and nuclear power plants that generate cheap electricity, otherwise there may be serious exchanges across the range the fluid change voltage, and the heat exchanger that releases the heat and electricity that is stored in demand for heat and heavy steam turbine power units that operate on important fires, and mobile autonomous gas turbine units that cover the short-term peaks of demand.
1.1 Types of TEC and their features.
In Fig. 1 presents the classification of thermal power stations based on organic fire.
Fig.1. Types of thermal power plants using organic fire.
Fig.2 Principle thermal diagram of TES
1 – steam boiler; 2 – turbine; 3 – electric generator; 4 – capacitor; 5 – condensate pump; 6 – low vise heaters; 7 – deaerator; 8 – live pump; 9 – high vise heaters; 10 – drainage pump.
A thermal power station is a complex of devices that convert the energy of fire into electrical and thermal energy.
Thermal power plants are characterized by great diversity and they can be classified according to different signs.
Depending on the type and type of energy from the power plant that is supplied, it is divided into regional and industrial areas.
District power stations are independent power stations of the central government, which serve all types of residents in the area (industrial enterprises, transport, population, etc.). Regional condensation power plants, which generate significant electricity, often retain their historical name - GRES (state regional power plants). District power plants that vibrate electrical and thermal energy (in the form of steam or hot water) are called combined heat and power plants (CHP). As a rule, GRES and regional thermal power plants require more than 1 million kW.
Industrial power plants are power plants that serve thermal and electrical energy to specific manufacturing enterprises or their complex, for example, a plant for the production of chemical products. Industrial power plants enter the warehouse of these industrial enterprises to serve. Their severity is indicated by the demand of industrial enterprises for thermal and electrical energy and, as a rule, there is less of it than regional thermal power plants. Often industrial power plants operate on the underground electrical grid, but are not ordered by the power system dispatcher.
By type of combustion, thermal power plants are divided into power plants that operate on organic combustion and nuclear combustion.
For condensing power plants that operate on organic combustion, in the days before there were nuclear power plants (APP), the name thermal power plant (TES - thermal power station) has historically developed. In this sense, this term will be used, even though CHP, AES, gas turbine power plants (GTPP), and combined cycle power plants (CGPP) are also thermal power plants that operate on the principles of converting thermal energy into electrical energy.
In the container of organic burning material for TES, vikoryst is formed that is more gas-like, and rarely more solid, burning material. Most of Russia's thermal power plants, especially in the European part, primarily supply natural gas, and as a reserve fuel - fuel oil, which remains vikorist through its high temperature only in extreme cases; TECs are also called gas-oil ones. In many regions, especially in the Asian part of Russia, the main source of energetic vugilla is low-calorie vugilla, which comes from a form of high-calorie stone vugilla (anthracite stone - ASH ). Before salivation, the fragments of such vugilla are ground in special mills to a saw-like shape, then such TES are called pilokutny.
According to the type of thermal power plants that are used at TES to convert thermal energy into mechanical energy wrapping the rotors of turbine units, there are steam turbines, gas turbines and combined cycle power plants.
The basis of steam turbine power plants is steam turbine installations (STU), which are used to convert thermal energy into a mechanically complex, extremely powerful and extremely efficient machine - a steam turbine. PTU is the main element of TES, TEC and AES.
PTUs that operate as a drive for electric generators, condensing turbines, and do not recover the heat of the generated steam to supply thermal energy to external residents are called condensing power plants. STUs equipped with heating turbines that provide heat from processed steam to industrial or municipal residents are called combined heat and power plants (CHP).
Gas turbine thermal power plants (GTPP) are equipped with gas turbine units (GTU) that operate on gas-like or, at the extreme, rare (diesel) fuel. Because the temperature of the gases behind the gas turbine unit is high, they can be reduced to the release of external thermal energy. Such power plants are called GTU-CHP. Currently in Russia there is one gas turbine power plant (DRESS-3 named after Klasson, Elektrogorsk metro station, Moscow region) with a capacity of 600 MW and one gas turbine thermal power plant (in Elektrostal metro station, Moscow region).
A traditional gas turbine unit (GTU) is a combination of a wind-driven compressor, a combustion chamber and a gas turbine, as well as additional systems that support its operation. The combination of a gas turbine unit and an electric generator is called a gas turbine unit.
Combined-cycle thermal power plants are equipped with combined cycle gas units (CCGs), which form a combination of gas turbines and steam turbines, which ensures high efficiency. PGU-TES can be equipped with condensation (PGU-KES) and with thermal energy release (PGU-TEC). Currently, there are several new CCGT-CHP plants in operation in Russia (Pivnichno-Zakhidna CHPP of St. Petersburg, Kaliningradskaya, TPP-27 VAT "Mosenergo" and Sochinska), which also prompted the heating of the CCGT plant at the Tyumen CHPP . In 2007 Ivanivsk PGU-KES was put into operation.
TES blocks are made up of several, in other words, similar energy installations – power blocks. In the power unit, the boiler supplies steam to its turbine, which rotates after condensation of the liquid from its boiler. Behind the block diagram there will be all the heavy RES and TEC, which may be called interim overheating of the steam. The operation of boilers and turbines on TES with cross-links is ensured differently: all TES boilers supply steam to one combustion steam line (collector) and from this all TES steam turbines are fed. Behind such a scheme there will be CES without intermediate overheating and perhaps all TEC at the initial critical parameters of the steam.
Behind the wheel vise, the TES of subcritical vise, supercritical vise (SKD) and super supercritical parameters (SSCP) are divided.
The critical pressure is 22.1 MPa (225.6 at). In Russian heat energy, the initial parameters are standardized: TES and TPP will be at subcritical pressure 8.8 and 12.8 MPa (90 and 130 at), and at SKD - 23.5 MPa (240 at). TES on supercritical parameters for technical reasons is upgraded with intermediate overheating and according to the block diagram. Super-supercritical parameters can be reached at pressures above 24 MPa (up to 35 MPa) and temperatures above 5600C (up to 6200C), which will require new materials and new designs. Often TEC and TEC a different range of parameters will be present in a number of stages - drawings, the parameters of which are moving due to the introduction of a new skin drawing.
The operating principle of a combined heat and power plant (CHP) is based on the unique power of water vapor as a heat transfer agent. In a heated plant, under pressure, it is transformed into a strong source of energy that drives the turbines of a combined heat and power plant (TES) - the collapse of such an already distant gain.
The first thermal power plant was built in New York on Pearl Street (Manhattan) in 1882. Fatherland's first Russian thermal station across the river became St. Petersburg. It’s not surprising, but in our time of high technology TES, no real replacement has been found: its share of light energy has become over 60%.
And here is a simple explanation of the advantages and disadvantages of thermal energy. This “blood” is organic coal - coal, fuel oil, oil shale, peat and natural gas, as before, readily available, and their reserves remain large.
The big minus is that the products of the burning process cause serious harm to the average person. This natural comora will only show up once, and thousands of units will be transformed into rusty monuments of our civilization.
Robot principle
For the cob, Varto is defined by the terms “TEC” and “TEC”. Speaking wisely, the stink of sisters. "Clean" thermal power plant - TES is insured inclusively for the generation of electricity. This is also called “condensation power plant” - KES.
Combined heat and power plant - TPP - different type of TPP. In addition to the generation of electricity, there is a supply of hot water to the central heating system for domestic needs.
The TEC robotic scheme means downtime. The firebox will be hot all the time and warm up - oxidizing. The widest burning is at the Russian thermal power plants - more detailed in vugilla. The heat from the combustion of the charcoal saw converts the water into steam at the boiler, which is then fed under pressure to the steam turbine. The forceful flow of steam causes it to turn around, roaring the rotor of the generator, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Then the steam, which has already lost its initial properties - temperature and pressure - goes into the condenser, where after a cold “water shower” it becomes water again. Then the condensate pump pumps them into the regenerative heaters and then into the deaerator. There, the water releases gases - acidity and CO2, which can cause corrosion. After this, the water is reheated with steam and fed back to the boiler.
Heat supply
Another, less important function of the thermal power station is the provision of hot water (steam), intended for central heating systems of adjacent settlements and domestic sanitation. In special preheaters, cold water is heated to 70 degrees inlet and 120 degrees in return, after which it is supplied by boundary pumps to the mixing chamber and then goes beyond the heating main system to the accommodation. . Water supplies at the thermal power plant will gradually replenish.
How to operate TES on gas
Aligned with coal thermal power plants, thermal power plants, where gas turbine units are installed, they are highly compact and environmentally friendly. Suffice it to say that such a station does not require a steam boiler. A gas turbine installation is essentially the same turbojet aircraft engine; however, the jet stream does not eject into the atmosphere, but wraps around the generator rotor. In this case, the loss of food products is minimal.
New technologies for vugill salivation
KKD of daily thermal power plants is limited to 34%. The vast majority of thermal power plants still use coal, which can be explained quite simply - the reserves of coal on the Earth, as before, are large, which is part of the thermal energy system in the central part of the world due to the generated electricity become close to 25%.
The process of spitting out the vugilla remains practically unchanged for many decades. However, new technologies have arrived here.
The peculiarity of this method lies in the fact that instead of cleaning as an oxidizing agent when sputtering a carbon saw, you will see a clean jelly from the surface. As a result, waste gases - NOx - are released from flue gases. Other waste houses are filtered through several stages of purification. Having lost output 2, it is pumped into the tank under great pressure and pressurized at a depth of up to 1 km.
"oxyfuel capture" method
Here, too, when the vugille is spat, pure jelly is oxidized. Only in the former method, at the moment of combustion, steam is created to drive the turbine until it turns off. Then, ash and oxides are removed from the flue gases, and cooling and condensation are carried out. Carbon dioxide, which is lost, under the pressure of 70 atmospheres, is transferred to a rarefied state and placed under the ground.
Pre-combustion method
Vugilla burns in the “emergency” mode – in a cauldron with fever. After this, gold and SO 2 – sulfur oxide – appear. Next, you will need to select 2 for a special rare absorbent, after which it will be disposed of in the burial place.
Five of the most powerful thermal power plants in the world
The first is the Chinese TES Tuoketuo with a capacity of 6600 MW (5 yen/bl. x 1200 MW), which occupies an area of 2.5 square meters. km. It is followed by the “spiritual industry” - Taichung TPP with a capacity of 5824 MW. The top three is closed by the largest in Russia, Surgutskaya DRES-2 – 5597.1 MW. In fourth place is the Polish Belchatuvska TPP - 5354 MW, and the fifth place is Futtsu CCGT Power Plant (Japan) - gas TPP with a capacity of 5040 MW.
