Onion sevka winter varieties. When sow onions. Onion Schnitt - the most beautiful of the perennial onions
Onion is an agricultural crop, the demand for which is difficult to underestimate. Not in one kitchen and not one hostess will not do without this culture. It is widely popular in hot dishes, and in salads, and in various sauces and seasonings, and in canned food. A saturation of vegetables with vitamins contributed to the fact that now many gardeners and gardeners prefer to grow it in the winter way. Indeed, after a long winter and spring avitaminosis, the green feathers of this vegetable culture necessary on the table as early as possible.
The most important factors determining the success of onion cultivation in summer sowing are. The correct location of crops, where winters are relatively lighter, with snow cover. It seems that he is burdened with a lower risk of growth of the coast and Wroclaw. Crop rotation - early plowing is required: early potatoes, winter barley, spinach, peas.
Spatial isolation of about 1 km between summer onions and spring onions, which prevents massive infection with the disease. Soil type. The position is better protected from the wind. The correct sowing date is mid-August. Due to varying climatic conditions, it is difficult to recommend an exact seeding date in individual years.
All we well know the phrase "winter wheat", but here " winter onions»Has not yet become widely used by our gardeners. Although at the present stage of this method of cultivation is gaining momentum and is becoming increasingly popular.
After all, this method of cultivation does not require any effort and cost, and without much hassle it allows you to get a very early harvest of such a turnip. And the technique of growing on the shoulder, even just for beginners and gardeners gardeners.
Onions can be sown on two dates divided into 7-10 days, for example, 1 ha of August 5 and 1 ha of August 15. If the autumn is long and warm, then from the first sowing date we will get a higher speed compared to the second date. However, they can be ranked and distributed for sale in bunches in early spring. If autumn is short and cool, plants from the first planting date will be better than others.
These ingredients are completely preserved. The use of potassium chloride is not recommended. The number of individual components depends on the richness of the soil before the planned fertilization. Maintaining proper plant health. It is absolutely necessary to apply the seeds in a complex, using the appropriate set of drugs, with the exception of excessive insecticides. On the rise, there is a high risk of young plants with thrips, which in late August are sprayed with mature cereals and are characterized by high hunger.
Winter onions closeup
Not all varieties are suitable for winter cultivation. Especially for such a technique, breeders have brought out new varieties and hybrids that are capable of wintering under a snow ball and slowly growing and gaining strength in the conditions of a small day in winter.
Popular varieties
The most popular winter vegetable varieties are:
In spring it is necessary to sprinkle onions with powdery mildew every 7-10 days, which may appear in early May. For each sprayer, an adhesion promoter must be added. Providing optimum moisture after sowing onions is very important, because delayed germination will not allow the onions to reach the desired size to ensure a good wintering, it is assumed that it is sprinkled beforehand.
Winter crops are designed to deliver fresh onions to the market with onions as early as possible in spring. Choosing the right winter variety affects the success of the crop. During a cold and frosty winter, the cultivation of onions from summer planting is subjected to freezing. Therefore, it is important to choose a variety - resistant to low temperatures, stinging on flower sprouts, and also characterized by a rapid growth rate after winter. It is important to remember that before winter the plants should have 4-5 leaves and bulbs with the so-called. thick pencil.
- This variety is able to withstand frost to minus 18 degrees. He is completely unpretentious and requires almost no care. Crop begin to collect in 70-80 days after planting. Bulb regular round shape with white flesh.
- This variety has high germination excellent taste of onions and early ripening. Harvest in early June. Turnips with white pulp of medium size: 100-150 grams.
- . It has the same properties and characteristics as Ellan, only its bulbs are larger under favorable conditions, reaching 300 grams.
- also has excellent germination and excellent taste. In addition, it has a long shelf life (up to 8 months).
- Also has early ripening, good germination. This variety has a more spicy taste of the bulbs and a high content of vitamin C in them.
What types of onions are recommended for winter growing? This variety is suitable for both early harvesting and summer peeling. Electric bows and red-purple scales are recommended as market diversification. Creates a spherical, lined onion with light brown scales and dark green waxed onions. This variety is highly resistant to frost. Onion harvest falls in May and early June. It is characterized by hard onions, with golden brown scales.
High resistance to vegetation. The date of sowing of this variety is 3 weeks of August. A variant of the middle age, well-winterized group - "Balstar", featuring a balanced, strong onion and spicy onion. This variety begins to grow rapidly after winter and demonstrates tolerance for vegetarianism. This variant forms an ovoid onion with yellowish scales and pale creamy, not very sharp flesh.
Winter onions, regardless of its variety, are distinguished by larger fruit sizes.
Planting and care of winter onions
Onion crops are usually harvested at the end of the summer season. After cleaning the bulbs are sorted and sent to storage. It also has its own economic advantages. For spring planting, bulbs are usually chosen to be at least 1.5 centimeters, since smaller ones before spring may simply dry out. These small onions are perfect for planting in the fall. Thus, the turnips, which could just spoil more, will delight their crops. Germination of winter onions is somewhat less than spring, but considering the fact that only culled fruits are planted before winter, the risk of loss is not present in this case at all.
The novelty is a medium size Algida, with light brown onions with dry weights. It has a slight tendency to rebound into inflorescence. Onions are large and medium sized, spherical. They have glossy yellowish-brown dry scaly and white flesh. Both varieties are recommended for sale in bundles, as well as dry onions for short storage.
This option is useful for clots without dry peels, and in later months with well-dried husks. Labrador is a type of high winter hardiness and rapid growth. Creates spherical onions, with straw hulls and a white, soft taste of flesh. This variety shows resistance to downy mildew.
Before planting winter onions, no special soil preparation is required. Simply remove the weeds, and dig up the plot. To the composition of the soil, such a culture is also very undemanding.
Winter onion care: weeding and loosening
You can not plant a vegetable for several years at the same place. If onion or garlic grew on the site, then such crops are recommended to be planted there no earlier than after 5 years.
Recommended for bundling, peeling in white and for short storage. Highly developed root system provides good yields on non-irrigated areas. This variety forms spherical bulbs with yellowish-brown sticky scales.
It is characterized by the uniform folding of the bit. In recent years, the cultivation of winter onions has gained many supporters in Poland, although these products are risky. Those who, however, take risks and decide to grow onions from winter sowing, often do not regret. Because this product allows you to sell the product at a time when onions from the store already have low quality. In addition, by the end of June, it is possible to collect winter varieties, which will allow to continue the supply of this species.
Cauliflowers, legumes, cucumbers or tomatoes are good plant predecessors.
There is also no urgent need to fertilize the site before planting the plant. It will be enough for those fertilizers that received onion precursors. You can only add a little ash to the soil.
The site should be in a well-lit place, it is better to choose a hill.
The wolf is valued for its confidence in yield and the versatility of planting dates. It is characterized by very high resistance to garlic and low temperatures, it is recommended for direct consumption, that is, the sale of early bundle, peeling or sale in dry shells. Produces high quality spherical bulbs with large, well-closed dry shells. This option can be offered either for sale in bundles, either in white or in dry shells. Based on many years of experience, the following crop tips have been developed.
Onions are planted at a distance of 8-10 cm from each other, in the previously dug furrows. The distance between the grooves should be 15-20 cm. The turnip is deepened by no more than 3 cm. Otherwise, in the spring it will be difficult for the bulbs to break out of the ground and tamp slightly. This is what distinguishes the spring planting from the autumn; in the spring, the heads deepen deeper into the ground. Specially watering the area after planting onion heads is not necessary.
They should be considered as general recommendations that should be subject to change as a result of the practice of the manufacturer and local soil and climatic conditions. Onions must reach before the winter phase 4 drops to 5-7 mm. However, in the case of slow growth, it should not be accelerated excessively, especially with nitrogen, in relation to both primary and foliar fertilization of nitrogen.
Be sure to use onion cream and additional protection against pests on the onions and early growth of young plants. During this period, winter onions are especially susceptible to serious damage caused by thrips and garlic onions. Cultivation of onions from winter sowing is preferable for a structural soil with a high water content, permeable and not corrugated. If necessary, correct the reaction is important to remember that the bow is sensitive to direct liming.
Planting winter onions Planted bulbs in the second half of August - the first half of September. The landing dates vary by region. In any case, it is necessary that the onion should be planted no later than 4 weeks before persistent frost. The plant needs to take root well and get stronger before the onset of cold weather.
Do not forget to avoid chloride fertilizers! If they need to be applied, it is better to plow, and the adjustment of the level of nutrients to the level obtained from soil analysis should be carried out using the chlorine form. You can fertilize both simple and properly selected multi-component fertilizers. Weed control in winter onions is similar to the method of spring onions. In practice, the often unsuitable use of herbicides, primarily among plant protection products, is a limiting factor in the growth of onions.
Before frost be sure to warm the area with a bow. To do this, cover it with dry leaves, tops of legumes, agro-weed.
As soon as the snow melts in the spring and the earth begins to warm up, it is necessary to provide the culture with full access to sunlight. For this shelter is removed. Beds with the onset of spring and heat must be mulched. T this procedure will not only retain sufficient moisture and heat, but also protect against overheating.
Errors in the use of herbicides often cause problems when plants reach the correct phase of development before winter. Most often used - in the later stages of onion growth. The goal is a herbicide with a burning property, so special care is required in its application. Used carefully in the pre-winter period, this is not a problem. A side effect — growth retardation — can be used, for example, to achieve the correct stage in the event of overgrowth. The dose of herbicide depends on the growth phase of the onion and on the growth conditions.
The rule is: what larger bow, the higher the herbicidal dose and, therefore, the better the effectiveness of the treatment. To minimize side effects, the target is used in divided doses. The dose also depends on the presence of wax on the onion leaves. It is believed that after 3-4 sunny days the amount of wax effectively protects the bow from burns. It is also important that the sprayed onion plants are dry. Do not use the target until the morning dew on the leaves is dry. Practice shows that the goal is best applied before the expected rain.
If it is warm during the day, but there is a threat of night frost, it is necessary to cover the site with agrofiber for the night. It not only warms plants, but also does not interfere with air circulation. You can also use a film as a cover, but the access of oxygen to the culture will be very limited.
In spring, seedlings can be fed with a weak solution of mullein or chicken manure. Nitrogen fertilizers can also be used.
2-3 hours after the use of the drug, a very good herbicide action is obtained, without burning the onions. Repeat the procedure in 5-7 days. As a rule, two treatments are enough. optimal conditions. It is important that the plantation before winter is completely free from weeds, because any herbicide created in the spring slows the growth of plants due to delayed harvest and lower yields. His condition and health has a significant effect on the wintering of a winter bow. Careful protection against onion and thrips powdery mildew should be provided.
Watering the area with the bow in the spring, after the first shoots. Subsequent watering is carried out with a break of two weeks.
Harvest of winter onions begin to collect in early June. To harvest, you must carefully dig up ripe turnips.
Advantages and disadvantages of the method
Harvesting winter onions The advantages of this method are quite a few, it is:
Protection must be carried out in accordance with the protection program. In the case of winter onions, the survival of the plantation is associated not only with the genetic value of the variety, but also with climatic factors. rapid temperature fluctuations in winter. wind cooling coefficient, variable air humidity, snow cover thickness.
In addition, heavy rainfall that occurs after a period of drought caused by the emergence of plants, cause rapid, strong growth of radishes, kohlrabi and cabbage heads, which leads to their destruction. However, you should not use the hydration of some vegetables grown from sowing in the early stages of growth, explains Zbigniew Chmurzhinsky, a vegetable consultant from the province. Young plants in well-moistened soil create a weaker, shorter root system. Later, as it grows, such a root system will not protect the plant from getting enough water and nutrients, especially when there is a drought, and irrigation will not occur.
- Efficiency. Onions are planted for the winter, which could not live to see spring.
- Excellent taste.
- Unpretentiousness and undemanding in care.
- Large sizes of turnips.
Advantages and disadvantages of growing winter onions All gardeners are well aware of how hard it is to keep sevok until spring. When growing winter onions there is no need for this. Nothing rot and release arrows. Another advantage of this method is that the heads grow very large, since the landing time in spring will not be missed anyway. It is not necessary to water the onions until mid-May, since the soil still retains enough moisture. The released time can be devoted to planting and caring for other cultures. Winter onion varieties mature on two to three weeks earlier than the usual spring ones. Onion soups can be taken at the end of May. Of course, this method of cultivation has its drawbacks. The main thing is that the yield of winter onions is somewhat lower than that of spring. In addition, it is believed that its heads are kept a little worse. Winter varieties of onion seedlings: rules for choosing winter growing you can take only hybrids and varieties of short - medium daylight hours. They begin to form onions already at 12-14 hours. Southern onion varieties for winter growing are not suitable. Varieties intended for spring planting are also not recommended. The fact is that they endure wintering much worse, and when freezing, they start shooting. Most often, as in the case of spring onions, varieties of Dutch breeding are used for planting winter crops. Shakespeare One of the most popular varietiesintended for winter cultivation is Shakespeare. The heads of this onion ripen early enough (grow in 75 days). Their characteristic features include round shape and big sizes. If we compare Shakespeare's onion winter with other varieties, then we can note, above all, much more dense integumentary scales. Because of this, it can withstand temperatures of -18 g. no snow cover. For comparison - most varieties of winter onions begin to freeze even at -15 gr. The color of the scales is brown. Winter Shakespeare's bow is distinguished by its white juicy flesh. The taste of this variety is considered to be semi-sharp. Caring for him in the usual manner. Variety Radar Unlike Shakespeare, another promising winter variety - Radar - has an average ripening period. Its popularity is primarily due to the excellent taste of the bulbs and their very good keeping quality. The color of the scales in this variety is light yellow. Another distinctive feature is the large size of the heads. Grow bulbs in 150 gr. no difficulty. In some years, with careful care of the Radar variety head, they can reach 300 g in weight. Vintage onion winter radar gives more than good. Grade Allan Grade Allan refers to the short-day form. Straw-colored bulbs have a rounded shape. Their weight can reach 80-120 g. The flesh is white, has a sweetish taste. The variety Ellan ripens already in June, when the old stocks of onions are spent, and the spring heads have not yet matured. Other varieties The winter varieties of onion sets described above can be classified as the most popular. However, there are others that also deserve attention. For example, very often summer residents of central Russia grow Senshui winter onions. You can also plant in the fall such varieties as the well-known and well-known Studgarten Riesen, the Sturon common in Europe, the early-growing Centurion, the bedrock Kip-Well and some others. Landing terms Like winter garlic, winter varieties of onion are planted about a month before the onset of frost. AT middle lane Russia is about the middle of October. With landing not worth it. Unlike garlic, the onion lasts until December - January. So he won't be able to freeze and freeze in any case. Chernushka planted in the middle - end of August. The choice of location Winter plantings of onions feel good on sunny, protected from strong wind places. In this case, the bed should not be heated in spring. Otherwise the heads will vpereut. It is also impossible to choose for planting those places where at least some bulbous plants have been grown for five previous years. Undesirable precursors are also crops such as beans, potatoes and celery. Preparing the beds The beds for winter varieties of onions need to start cooking two weeks before planting. Soil should be dug as deep as possible. At the same time fertilizers are applied to the beds. The best is humus. You can replace it with ecofosk (30 g per 1 m2), superphosphate (20 g) or potassium salt (15 g). Increased doses of phosphorus help winter onions to overwinter well. This culture responds very well to the ashes. The beds are best done high. This will reduce the likelihood of freezing. What should be planting material Whichever variety is chosen for cultivation, whether it is winter onion radar, Shakespeare or Ellan, you should not take sevok with a diameter greater than 1 cm. Small onions do not give arrows. In addition, heads grown from them are much better stored in winter. Of course, the set-up for planting should be healthy. Bulbs stained, damaged or rotted should be discarded. Planting onions Before planting, the bed should be loosened properly. Onions are planted in a well-lined manner at a distance of 10 cm from each other in a row. 25 cm are left between the rows. Some gardeners plant winter onions more often. However, this should be done only with a lack of space in the garden. Preparing the beds for winter In most cases, winter plantings of onions for the winter are mulched. This reduces the risk of freezing. It is not recommended to use peat as a mulch. The fact is that the degree of thermal conductivity of it is very low and in the spring it thaws for a long time, delaying the development of plants. Therefore, it is best to mulch the beds with foliage, straw, spruce branches or tops. This should be done when the soil is slightly frozen. Clean the mulch in the spring immediately after the start of thawing of the soil. Spring and summer care Winter varieties of onions require almost the same as spring ones. In the spring, after removing the mulch, the bed should be fertilized with urea (10 g per 1 m2). Further landing loosened. You can sprinkle the bed on top of a small layer of ash. After the plants form about 4 leaves, you need to do another feeding, this time with 10 g of potash fertilizer and 20 g of phosphate. Onions respond best to fertilizers applied in liquid form. Therefore, they should be dissolved in water or in a diluted infusion of herbs. Water onions as needed, preventing the soil from drying out. After each watering the bed should be loosened.
Planting vegetables, including onions, i.e. protection against the effects of drought, is crucial in that certain types of vegetables are particularly sensitive to water deficiency in certain critical growth phases. Soil fertilization stimulates plant energy.
Soaking the soil for growing onions gives you a good chance of getting good harvest. If you need to adjust it, remember that onions are sensitive to direct liming. This should be done at least six months before landing. According to the vegetation of the plant, the critical phase of the onion is from rising to the onion formation phase, and the lack of water during this period causes chopping of the onion, ”explains Zbigniew Chmurzhinsky.
