How to plant winter onions in the fall. Sowing onions nhernushki under the winter. What kind of onions are sown before winter

Historically, the following pattern of cultivation onions: seeds (nipper) - sets, sets - samples, samples - turnip. But recently, gardeners are increasingly choosing to grow onions from seeds, since this method allows you to get ready-made bulbs in one season and it is better to keep them in winter, and planting material is cheaper than ready-made onion samples or sevok.

If you intend to grow onions from seeds, first of all, decide on varieties. For annual cultivation, low-budding varieties are the best option, such as:

For one-year cultivation, low-starter varieties would be the best option.

Danilovsky 301,
Myachkovsky 300,
Strigunovsky,
Mstersky,
One-year havskiy,
Annual Siberian
Odintsov,
Early pink,
Zolotnik.

You can also choose hybrids dutch selection with a bright color (red, white, yellow-brown), of them for one season you get good bulbs rounded. Recommended hybrid varieties: early fruitful F1 Spirit, Stardust F1, forming a large number of green feathers, as well as Red Baron, which is valued for good keeping quality and productivity. Multi-variety varieties are not suitable for annual cultivation, since the bulbs will be deformed.

Video about growing onions from seeds

Growing onions turnips from Chernushka

You can grow onions from seeds in three ways: sowing in the soil in early spring, podzimnim sowing and pre-growing seedlings. In the spring, chernushka is sown, just thawed out the soil, then in one season the bulbs will have time to mature. Seedlings are prepared from the end of February, and from mid-April ready-made seedlings are planted on the beds. Sub-winter sowing of seeds is carried out on slightly frozen ground so that the seeds do not germinate in autumn.

The soil for any option is prepared in advance, in the fall: the earth is dug up, compost or peat is added, and mineral fertilizers are added. The beds are best formed in an open sunny place, where, before that, legumes, cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage, and potatoes grew. The width of the beds does not exceed 80 cm, height - about 15 cm.

Preparing onion seeds for sowing

How to grow onions from seed in one season so that it can mature before frosts? It is necessary to pay attention to the pretreatment of Chernushka Seed treatment will help to significantly reduce the period between sowing and germination, accelerating the development of plants and the formation of bulbs.

The soil for any option is prepared in advance, in the fall

For a month, check the nugget for germination: take 20 seeds and hold for 2-3 weeks in a damp cloth. With good germination, at least 80% of seeds should germinate. To destroy the causative agents of fungal diseases before sowing, chernushka is treated with a solution of potassium permanganate. Additionally, to accelerate germination, you need to soak the seeds in water for 12-18 hours or dip them in a warm solution of fruit growth stimulator (1 g per 1 teaspoon of water) per day. After soaking, the chernushka is dried for 15-20 minutes in air until the seeds become loose, and you can proceed directly to sowing.

Chernushka sowing in the ground in spring or winter

In the spring, as the soil thaws, dig up rows of 2 cm in depth on the beds, with at least 20 cm between rows. Seeds should be sown fairly sparsely - about 80 seeds per 1 m row, then about one and a half grams of chernushki will go away. Powder the seeds with tooth powder or chalk, then it will be more convenient for you to control their consumption and location. On top of the noggin sprinkled with humus, sawdust or peat (layer 2 cm). Watering the crops is not necessary, otherwise a crust is formed, which will make seedlings difficult.

When the shoots appear 1-2 true leaves, plants need to be thinned, removing weak sprouts, between the green shoots should remain two centimeters. After the formation of 3-4 leaves, a second thinning is carried out - the distance expands to five centimeters. Snatched tender greens can be used as food. Until the middle of July, you need to water the onions, regularly loosen the top layer of soil during the season and feed the plants like onion sets.

Harvest can begin in early September, when the leaves of the onion will fall, but no later than 10 days before frost. Harvested onions are dried on the beds or under a canopy for a week, cleaned from dry feather and cleaned for storage.

Seeds should be sown fairly sparsely - about 80 seeds per 1 m row.

How to plant onions seeds before winter?

Prepare the ground, as described earlier, form the beds, cut the same grooves and leave in this condition before the onset of cold weather. As soon as the first frosts come, chernushka is sown in rows and sprinkled with a 2-3 cm layer of humus. Keep the beds covered with snow in winter. In the spring, when the snow melts, sprinkle bare seeds with humus or peat.

Growing seedlings from onion seeds

Some varieties of onions can only be grown from seedlings, thereby extending the growing season and saving planting material. In the first days of March, they begin to sow the nest in a greenhouse, greenhouse, or on a windowsill in an apartment. Sowing onion seeds is carried out in boxes with a prepared soil mixture (as for tomato seedlings), and between rows 5 cm each.

Chernushka - the seeds of onions. They are called so for their black color.

As is known, onion heads germinate from seeds for a very long time, and one season for harvesting may not be enough. Therefore, chernushka often sown in the autumn before winter. Crops at the same time sprout earlier and differ in the increased endurance.

note

In addition, when sowing black onions in the fall, you can get and re-plant for large bulbs

In this article I will try to make out the main points of sowing of Chernushka onions before winter.

Usually the seeds of the following varieties are sown before winter: Danilovsky 301, Myachkovsky 300, Strigunovsky.

Myachkovsky grade 300 Danilovsky grade 301 Strigunovsky variety

The Exibishen variety is very popular. Onions in turn it turns out quite large.

How to get seeds nhernushki?

Seeds can be purchased at the store or collected independently. For this, healthy bulbs need or in early spring, in the summer they will give flower stalks in the form of umbrellas with small black seeds.

Terms of seed ripening in inflorescences are different. Therefore, in order not to lose some of them, it is better to tie umbrellas with gauze or a rag. Or collect the inflorescences and spread out in a dry room for a couple of weeks for maturation.

Seed preparation for planting

Seeds should be sorted by size, since larger seeds germinate almost a week or two earlier than medium and small ones.

Sorting nippers

For sorting, a sieve with different cells is usually used or shaken on a cloth. You can also use a container with water, in which all the collected seeds with garbage are placed for an hour, shaking up when the seeds are immersed and after the past time, then some of them will settle. Floated, you need to put again in the water at the same time. Thus, after the third time, only garbage and unripe seeds will remain on the surface of the water.

Germination of Chernushka is quickly lost, last year's seeds must be checked. It is better to sow them fresh in the same year when they were received, that is, in the fall.

How to check the germination of Chernushka

Before sowing, you can at home make nagging check on germination.

Need to count a few pieces of seeds from the party.
Prepare several layers of thin paper (tissue or toilet paper) and moisten them with water.
Next, put the seeds on a saucer under a pair of layers of wet wipes. To create the most comfortable conditions, the saucer can be tightly wrapped in plastic film or hidden in a plastic bag and put in a warm place.
Further, within 4-8 days it is necessary to ensure that the paper is always wet and observe the emergence of shoots.

If in such conditions less than 30% of seeds germinate, the lot is defective, but if more than 30% of the seeds come up, then germination is satisfactory and you can plant the seeds in the ground.

When to plant onions chernushku before winter

Sowing time depends on the region. The main thing is that the seeds germinate only in early spring, in this case, the seedlings will not freeze. Therefore, the earliest time for sowing is considered the end of October or November, when the land is already frozen. You can sow and snow in the winter. .

Sowing onion nippers before winter

The beds are arranged on a hill in order to drain excess moisture. The place should be sunny;
The soil is best suited after tomatoes, potatoes, cabbage, carrots, legumes;
When preparing the soil, it should be lightened with the help of (bucket floor) and sand (one third of the bucket) on a bed measuring approximately 2 to 3 meters;
Thoroughly dig and remove all weeds, roots, etc .;
Flatten;

In the soil to make grooves with a depth of 2.5 cm at a distance of 18-20 cm from each other. Can be planted in a checkerboard pattern;
It is better to plant seeds more densely, if there is no certainty that they will all germinate;

Sprinkle the ground with a layer of 1.5 cm and pour;

Mulch with peat, sawdust, branches with a layer of 2-3 cm to protect against soil crust. In the spring due to the mulch moisture will remain. In addition, seedlings will be protected from frost;

When snow falls, you need to throw it on the garden bed as well for warming;
After the snow melts, you should inspect the shoots and bare, sprinkle again with mulch.

Care

Top dressing is made in early spring when shoots appear: superphosphate (up to 40 g / m 2) or urea (10 g / m 2);

How to plant onions before winter? It would seem that it may be easier, but in practice you may encounter problems, the successful solution of which we will tell you in this article.

1 How to plant onions before winter and get a rich harvest?

I just planted onions, and after some time I got a harvest - this is how many beginners represent the process. However, if ignorance of the basic rules of planting onions for the winter can result in a deplorable harvest. Many were faced with the fact that all the onion planted goes into arrows, or too small onions are obtained. In order to succeed in planting, the timing must be observed, the correct selection of the planting material and the timing and convenient place for planting.

Onions can be grown not only from the sevka, but also from the black onion. Planting Chernushka onions for the winter will cost you much less than growing from the Sevka. In order for your onion to mature in one season, we suggest you take such varieties as Odintsovets, Danilovsky 301, Strigunovsky, Myachkovsky 300, Annual Siberian. However, you can choose among the more expensive Dutch hybrid varieties that allow you to get onions with a good green feather and a large onion.

2 Sub-winter onion seed sowing - fast and easy

The optimal time for planting onions before winter is deep autumn, when the earth has already frozen slightly. Due to this, the seeds do not germinate prematurely. The soil under the bed is dug in advance and fertilized with compost or peat. It is important that the place under the beds be prepared in an open and sunny place. It is better if it is a plot where cucumbers, tomatoes, beans or cabbage, as well as potatoes were previously grown. The optimal width for onion beds - 80 centimeters.

Already in winter, you can check onions for germination - for this, one dozen seeds are taken and laid out on a damp cloth. If after 2 weeks at least 8 things sprout, then germination is high. The day before planting at 12 o'clock, soak the seeds in water, and immediately before planting, dry to a flowability state. For ease of control over planting density, we recommend powdering the seeds with chalk. So, how to sow nippers in the garden? For a row of 1 meter should spend no more than 80 seeds.

Calculated per square meter in this case, it will take you about one and a half grams of blackie. After sowing the beds should be carefully sprinkled with humus.

Layer 2 centimeters will be enough. You can also use for this purpose peat or sawdust. After several leaves grow, the plant is thinned and left between shoots of about 2 centimeters, the procedure should be repeated when 3-4 leaves grow. Now you need to thin out with a distance of 5 centimeters. If you leave not enough distance, then the bulbs will be small.

If you decide to plant a chernushka onion through seedlings, then you should sow in early March. To do this, you need to use a greenhouse, hotbeds or just a home window sill. In a box with the ground planted seeds with a distance between the rows of 5 centimeters. Until the first shoots come out, we keep the seeds at a temperature of +25 degrees. Then for 5 days we lower the temperature to plus 12, then we stick to + 15 ... + 18 ° С.

By the beginning of May, your seedlings will have several feathers 10–15 centimeters long. Keep in mind that before planting seedlings in the ground the leaves need to be cut. In this case, the distance when planting should be about 5 centimeters, and between the rows of 30. Around the planted plants gently tamper in the soil with their hands, and after a day or two they water and loosen.

3 Planting onions before winter - features that everyone should know

Considering that the onion fly is the most dangerous for the onion, and it, in turn, is afraid of carrots, it is necessary to plant onions before winter next to the carrot bed. It would be better if you plant a seed where manure has not been used for several years. It is necessary to loosen and smooth the bed for the sub-winter landing with a rake, and then fill it with foliage. As soon as the night frosts come, remove the foliage and plant onions.

It is advisable to leave a distance of 7-10 centimeters, and between rows of 30-35. In this case, the plants will have enough light, and it will be much more convenient to loosen the earth. With this podzimny planting vegetables can be grown from seedling up to 1 centimeter in diameter. It is advisable to compact the ground after planting and then fall asleep with foliage.

What are the advantages of planting onions in this way? The gardeners with experience prove by their own example that in this way the grown vegetables reach large sizes and are no less than from large planting material. Onions, whose diameter is less than a centimeter, do not give arrows. Taking into account that small sevok is difficult to maintain until spring, it doesn’t occur during planting before winter. And in the fall, compared with spring, gardeners have less worries with the planting of other crops.