Planting tree saplings: time, saplings, preparation of planting holes, care. Time to land. Fastening Split Branches

Gardening with us has always been considered not only useful, but even a noble occupation. We will never tire of being surprised and rejoicing at the masterpieces of landscape art made by old masters. Traction to the earth makes everyone dream about their garden. And even if quite small, it will please both you and children with their grandchildren, which in itself is beautiful. Here you just need to know how, when, what to plant, and how to care. Just about this material.

When to plant

Trees and shrubs are planted during dormancy - in early spring, even before bud breaks or in autumn, after growth is complete. In the context of the continental climate, an early spring planting is preferable, since it provides a greater survival rate of the plant. In the spring, there is a significant supply of moisture in the ground that helps the plant to settle in a new place for itself. Before the onset of heat, the seedling will have time to get stronger, and the planting can begin immediately after the soil thaws.

It does not sound surprising, but can be planted in winter. Winter planting allows you to get high results through the least injury to the root system, and large trees are planted exclusively in winter. But winter landing requires the knowledge of a special technology, and its strict observance, so that only a good specialist will be able to competently perform it.

Selection of seedlings and their placement in the garden

Before you go to buy seedlings, you need to calculate the required amount of planting material. It should be borne in mind that the garden will grow in one place for a long time and the trees should never prinemn each other. The following areas need to be allotted for planting fruit trees: about four meters for apple trees, the same for pears, 2-3 m for plums and 2 m for cherries. Planting too thick is the traditional mistake of almost every amateur gardener. Yes, at once the saplings are quite small, but in a few years the grown trees will already interfere with one another, and here no pruning will help you, and an attempt to uproot an extra tree will only damage the overgrown roots of other trees. Berry bushes when planting are located at a distance of one and a half meters from each other in a row arrangement. If you are going to lay a whole plantation under a currant or gooseberry, then the distance between the rows should not be less than three meters.

Now, about the seedlings themselves. Healthy two-year-old shoots of the fruit tree must meet the following requirements: have good, intact roots (at least three branches with a length of thirty centimeters), a well-developed bud, a trunk thickness of more than two centimeters, an overgrown grafting site, at least three correctly spaced branches up to sixty centimeters.

Proper storage of seedlings before planting

Immediately after the acquisition, you need to wrap the roots of the seedling with a cloth, and in no case can you transport the plant with open roots on the trunk of the car. A head wind, if it does not break off thin twigs and roots, it will certainly dry them. If you are not going to immediately go to the site, but you need to over-keep the seedlings in the apartment, then you need to find a cool place and wrap the roots with a damp cloth, as the buds can begin to unfold. We can not allow complete drying of the fabric, but also to keep the roots in the water also should not be, as they suffocate or begin to rot.

Planting a plant

Dug out the fossa, put some earth back in, so that a mound forms at the bottom. The seedling should be put on this knoll so that the plant's neck is five centimeters above the edge of the pit. This is the most important condition when planting trees. The growth of your tree will depend on the correct placement of the root collar.

Care must be taken that the roots are well distributed throughout the planting pit. Then you can fill the sapling earth. As the pit falls asleep, it is sometimes necessary to shake the seedling easily for a better spreading of the earth between the roots. After a complete backfill, you need to compact the soil with your foot, but do it carefully so as not to tear the roots. Then you need to drive a stake to which the sapling will be attached. Fully filling the pit, you need to make a hole around the tree and pour at least two buckets of water into it. The main goal of irrigation is to improve soil contact with the roots. When the water is fully absorbed, the soil around the seedling should be sprinkled with a mixture of soil and peat, which will reduce evaporation and prevent the soil from drying out and cracking quickly. And only now the process of planting a tree can be considered complete, but you should not relax with a sense of accomplishment - the initial care of the seedlings also requires a lot of time and effort.

If the groundwater level is too high - one and a half meters from the surface, it is recommended to plant any fruit trees, earthen ramparts or hills up to half a meter in width and up to a meter wide. Then you can dig a hole for smaller ones, and prepare the soil as well as for simple planting.

As a rule, planting raises many questions. How to plant? When is it better to plant? What to do with the packaging of the root system during planting? Is it easier to plant container plants?

The rules for handling plants and planting technology are quite simple, their strict observance, along with high-quality planting materials and attentive care of plants, guarantees you excellent results: high survival rate, healthy and ornamental plants for many years.

Basic rules for handling plants during unloading and planting

First of all, in order to avoid scrapping of branches and other damages, during the loading and transportation of plants, they are necessarily connected. It should be very careful to treat fragile and brittle plants, such as winged euonymus, hydrangeas, heathers, junipers, as well as dwarf coniferous and standard forms.

If the weather is hot, do not transport seedlings in a sealed body if it is not an insulated container. High temperatures can damage leaf and sprout tissue. Best for plants within the region are suitable cars with an awning or open (side). Isothermal containers are better for long-haul transport.
Plants at the site can be unloaded manually or by mechanical means: an auto-loader, a crane-manipulator.

Heavy trees require special handling. Plants with a lump can only rise behind a lump, and you should definitely support a tree trunk or crown, if it is a bush form. Rough handling of the trunk can lead to serious mechanical damage to the bark and wood, as well as damage to the coma and roots, if you raise the tree for the trunk.

Coma of large trees and shrubs are usually packed in a metal sheath (grid). This greatly facilitates their unloading and movement - for lifting plants use special hooks that cling to the grid. However, if a lump is packed only in burlap, the use of hooks is unacceptable - this leads to severe damage to the burlap and the integrity of the coma, and, consequently, the root system of the plant.

When unloading large-sized plants with a large lump using a crane, 3 rods are used: 2 of them hold the main weight of the coma, and the third supports the tree trunk in a horizontal position or slightly higher (see figure). It is very important to protect the trunk in the place of attachment of the chalka from damage and burrs of the bark, for example, by wrapping it with a thick layer of burlap.

Unloading container plants is much easier. Plastic containers and soft bag-containers (Easy Lift), as a rule, are equipped with 2-4 comfortable handles.

After delivery of seedlings to the site, it is desirable to immediately begin their planting. The shorter the shelf life of plants and the faster the planting, the greater the survival rate. This rule is especially important during spring planting, when the air temperature rises every day, the plants enter the growth phase and require more and more careful care.

If, however, planting fails immediately, it is best to leave them in the shade for a while. Tall trees have great windage and can fall. Therefore, they need to tie up to any support, while protecting the trunk from damage by burlap. If this is not possible, it is permissible to carefully lay the trees on the ground.

Coma and plant containers need to be watered and, for storage, to cover from overheating and drying with burlap, or to mulch with a thick layer of sawdust, humus. Watering plants is done daily, and if necessary, 2 times a day.

If you purchased plants with an open root system and can plant them only after a few days, try to place them in cooler conditions: a basement, a cold garage or the north side of the house, where there is no direct sun. Roots need to be covered with a damp cloth, and best of all prikopat. You can not keep the root system of seedlings constantly immersed in water - the roots can not breathe.

Choosing a landing site

Ideally, the plants should be planted according to the assortment list for the previously marked places (project, planting drawing and dendroplan). This will allow you to avoid many mistakes in the selection of the range and placement of plants on the site.

If you do not have a planting project, be sure to consider not only the decorative qualities of one or another species, the size of adult plants, but also the requirements for growing conditions, but rather entrust the selection and placement of plants in the garden to a professional landscape designer.

A planted plant will grow successfully only under optimal conditions for soil, air, light, heat and moisture. If at least one of the conditions does not meet the requirements of the plant, then it will determine the result.

Usually, if during planting the requirements for growing conditions are not taken into account (for example, a light-shrub shrub is planted in the shade), this will not lead to the immediate death of the plant, but its development will be slowed down (the shoots will stretch, the crown will not be thick), decorative qualities will deteriorate (no bloom), frost resistance and disease resistance will decrease.
As a rule, most plants develop well if they are provided with the following conditions:

Illumination: optimal sun or partial shade; if the direct sun in the area is less than half the daylight hours, you should choose plants that tolerate partial shade and shade;

Soil moisture: optimal is average, that is, neither coma drying nor stagnation of water is allowed. For excessively dry soils, if it is impossible to ensure regular watering, choose drought-resistant species. With a high position of groundwater and stagnant waterlogging - respectively, plants resistant to flooding.

The soil: loamy or sandy, light, rich in organic and mineral substances. pH close to neutral (6-7). If the soil on your site is heavy or very acidic, be sure to take this into account when selecting the range, planting moisture-loving plants (or preferring the acidic substrate) and give preference to low-demand species and varieties.

Wind: Many heat-loving and capricious breeds winter well only on condition of landing in the place protected from wind where in winter more snow accumulates.

To choose plant species and varieties to the growing conditions, as well as to find a place in the garden for the specimen you like, you will be helped by the section “Planting Material” on our website with a detailed description of species, varieties of ornamental plants and a convenient search.

Planting plants with a lump

1. Terms of landing

Usually, planting is carried out in two terms: in spring and autumn.

During spring planting, the main danger is the drying of the root system. Therefore, during transportation and storage of plants, care must be taken to ensure that the roots (lump of the earth) are always wet, and the branches (especially those with open leaves) are protected from the scorching sun and wind.

The time of spring planting is immediately after thawing of the soil and before the start of active growth of shoots (in the middle lane, usually from the beginning of April to the first week of May).

But, despite the fact that the period between the maturation of the soil and the beginning of growth for plants is only two or three weeks, in which it is necessary to keep within, the spring planting has many advantages.

First, plants planted in spring during summer and autumn will be able to root well in a new place and adapt to our climate. Timely spring planting with the observance of all the rules of agricultural technology gives the highest survival rate.

Secondly, from a practical point of view, it is preferable to plant in the spring, since the choice of planting material is the widest in April-May: the peak of deliveries falls just in the spring. You can not only place an order for plants of the desired type, variety, size and quantity, but also choose the items you like on the site.

When choosing the planting dates, it is necessary to take into account some biological features of the species. Thus, the autumn transplant is poorly tolerated by such species as oak and birch. These breeds are traditionally planted in the spring (for container plants this is not relevant). Thermophilous, capricious plants (for example, rhododendrons, azaleas, privet), also in our climate, preferably planted in the spring - this will allow them to better take root and prepare for winter.

In addition, during the spring planting, you can already enjoy new plants in your garden this year.

A very typical mistake during the spring plantings: "We need to wait until the earth warms up." In fact, plant better earlier, as soon as you can dig a planting hole.

The season of autumn planting begins with the beginning of leaf fall. Compared with the short spring period, the search and planting of the necessary species or plant varieties can continue until the first frost, but the peak of the autumn season is September-mid-October.

Do not over-delay the landing: in late autumn, the choice of planting material in nurseries and garden centers is not so rich.

In this case, it is much more convenient to place an order for plants and get high-quality planting material by a certain period in the right range and quantity.

2. Seat preparation

Planting starts after the completion of construction and part of the landscape works on the site. The area for planting should be leveled (if necessary, a vertical layout is performed), cleared of debris, and necessary measures are taken to improve the soil. This will protect your new plants from unintentional damage to the bark during work, soil compaction in the root zone, filling of excess soil covering the root collar, etc. and will avoid many problems in the future.

Planting pits and trenches are dug in accordance with the project after performing the centering works (project removal in nature). For early spring planting, the pit can be dug in the fall, insulating them for the winter with foliage, moss, sawdust, straw.

When digging holes, the upper fertile layer of earth is folded separately from the lower, less fertile. When filling pits, first use fertile soil. In case of unsuitability of the excavated soil, it is partially or completely replaced with the brought fertile soil.

Optimally, if the properties of the soil, its mechanical composition at the site and within the planting pit will be close. Significantly change the composition of the soil only within the planting pit should not be.

For some plants (rhododendrons, heathers, roses) a special soil substrate is required, which has a certain structure, composition or pH, which is prepared in advance, in accordance with the requirements of the plants or bought ready-made.

If the soil at the site is broken, the soil contains a large amount of debris and clay (removed from the basement) and there is no possibility to take measures to improve it, planting is carried out in holes filled with imported soil.

The shape of the pit do round with steep walls. Since after planting the roots of the plant mostly grow to the sides, a large depth of the planting pit is not needed. It is better if it is a little more than the height of the coma of the plant - this will subsequently reduce the subsidence of the soil.

The diameter of the planting pits depends on the size and age of the plant, and, most importantly, on the size of the root system. On average, the diameter of the pit should be 1.5 times the diameter of the coma.

For dense group planting of shrubs, common pits are dug in the shape of the landed group, for hedges - trenches.

Separately, it is necessary to consider the issue of planting on heavy, clay soils. As a rule, improvement (replacement) of the soil within the planting pit (especially for large trees) is ineffective, since a large difference in the mechanical composition of the soil between heavy clay and light planting soil will retain the “container” effect: the plant roots will most likely not leave the planting limits. pits. In this case, you need to improve the soil throughout the site. The situation is similar with excessively light, sandy soils.

3. Planting technology

After preparing the seat proceed directly to the landing.

When installing a plant in a hole, it is very important to track the position of the root collar (thickening of the base of the trunk, where it passes into the roots).

In woody plants, the root penetration of the neck, especially on heavy clay soils, leads to the formation of rot. The fact is that with prolonged stagnation of water, which often happens in the spring near the trunks during snowmelt or in rainy weather, oxygen-free conditions are created, the bark on the trunk cannot breathe normally and can be damaged in the lower part by rot.

This process is slow, so these plants can first grow and develop normally, but gradually become depressed and die.

To properly install the plant, first examine the root system and the base of the trunk: whether the root neck is visible. If it is buried, it is necessary to release it, removing part of the soil from the surface of the coma (or container).

The position of the root collar during the installation of the plant can be checked with a flat bar on the edges of the planting pit. Ideally, the root collar should be at the level of the soil (permissible, slightly higher), but should never be buried. Therefore, taking into account the subsidence of the soil, the plants are planted at 5 - 20 cm above the desired level. In order not to take out a large tree several times and not to pour in the ground, it is advisable to compare in advance the depth of the planting pit and the height of the plant coma.

After installing the tree in the pit at the right level, it must be leveled so that the trunk is vertical and the plant is oriented in the direction you need.

If necessary, you need to take care of the garter of planted plants. In order to secure the tree in a vertical position, use two durable pegs, which are driven into the bottom of the landing pit, and elastic twine. Such support is needed in the first 1-2 years after planting, until the tree consolidates in a new place in a natural way.

Very often, our customers ask whether it is necessary to remove burlap and wire braid (mesh) from a coma before boarding.

Metal braid and burlap serve to preserve the integrity of the coma during transportation and planting, and prevent damage to the roots. In the ground (after planting) the mesh decomposes in 1.5-2 years, sacking - even faster. Therefore, it is not necessary to completely remove the packaging from the coma.

However, the net tightens the plant comfortably tight enough, and in the first year after planting it does not impede the growth and respiration of the roots, we recommend that after installing the plant in the prepared planting hole, use the wire cutters to carefully cut off the upper third of the wire braid and release the root neck and top of coma from burlap. At the same time it is very important that everyone remains whole.

After installing the tree, you need to properly shed a room so that it is completely soaked with water. This should be done carefully, without eroding the soil. Often the water is not poured on whom the plant, and fill the very pit.

After that, you can begin to fill the pit with earth. First, the lump is poured on 1/3 of the height, the soil is thoroughly compacted and shed with water. Then the remaining part of the pit is filled in layers, ensuring that there are no voids left. Empty cavities near the plant lump left by inaccurate planting cause the roots to dry out and can cause a depressed state of the plant, shrinking of part of the branches and even death.

An earthen roller with a height of 10–20 cm is formed around each perimeter of the planting pit. It serves to hold water during irrigation: so that it does not spread, but penetrates to the roots of the plant.

After planting, the plants are thoroughly watered and the soil is loosened in order to preserve moisture. Pristvolny circle of plants is recommended to mulch. Mulch protects the root system from overheating, retains moisture in the soil, limits the growth of weeds. Chips, shredded pine bark, humus and other organic materials can be used as mulch.

4. Post-treatment care

At first, after planting, a very careful care is taken after the plant: watering, straightening bent plants, checking the garters of trees to the stakes, pouring the ground into the settled landing pits.

Regular watering in the first year after planting provides a high survival rate. Watering is carried out depending on the weather, on average - at least 1 time per week. In the heat watered more often. In rainy weather, if the plant gets enough moisture, limit watering. Abundant watering of trees and large shrubs (75-100 liters of water per 1 sq. M.) Is carried out with a hose. Watering with sprinklers is often ineffective, as it provides moisture only the top layer of soil and is applicable for lawns, flower beds, small shrubs, and the roots of large trees to a depth of 50-60 cm and more water does not reach.

In the first year after planting, while the plant survives and adapts, the likelihood of developing diseases increases. Only high-quality, healthy planting material, the choice of the optimal place, the right timing, planting technology and competent post-planting care are a guarantee that your plants will have sufficient immunity against diseases and pests.

If you suspect that the plant is affected by pests or diseases, it is important to accurately determine the pathogen and take action. For this you need to have a sufficiently broad knowledge in the field of entomology, phytopathology and plant protection. Today, there are many drugs on sale, most of which are highly specialized and may be ineffective if the diagnosis is erroneous. You can use special literature, reference guides and advice from garden forums, but it is best to contact phytopathology specialists who can give a professional opinion and recommend remedies.

Features planting container plants

Saplings grown in containers can be planted from spring to autumn, including in the summer. However, the plants grown in a container have their own characteristics: they are grown in a light container substrate, with regular dressings, have a very compact and dense root system. In order for such a plant to adapt to the new conditions of your site, more careful and regular care will be needed, especially if you plant in the phase of active shoot growth (end of May - July).

Before planting the container plant must be well shed. This will save small roots from drying out and make it easier to release the plant from the container.

If, after removing the container, it turns out that the roots of the plant are strongly elongated and twisted, they should be trimmed before planting, and straightened in the planting pit. If the roots are excessively entangled and intertwined, then you can use a knife or a sharp shovel and make shallow notches from two opposite sides of the root coma, removing long roots. Planting a plant with twisted roots leads to the formation of an irregular root system, the plant takes root worse and needs support longer.

In the first season after planting, watering is especially important for container plants. The root system of a plant grown in a light container substrate is very thick and dense, concentrated in a relatively small volume and has a large water-absorbing capacity. Therefore, immediately after planting, until the roots germinate into the surrounding soil, regular timely watering is very important for such a plant, and it must never dry out.

Features planting plants with an open root system

Most often, this method produces small 2-3 year old fruit trees: apples, pears, plums, cherries, as well as unpretentious shrubs in groups and hedges (cotoneaster, turf, etc.).

Terms of planting plants with an open root system are more concise than those of plants with a lump - in spring, planting should be completed before budding (for Moscow and Moscow region - until the end of April), and in the fall from the beginning of the mass leaf fall to the end of October. To reduce the risk of drying out of the roots, it is advisable to plant the plants in cloudy weather.

Preparation of the seat does not have any special features: single pits are dug in accordance with the size of the root system of the plant. If dense groups are planted, it is advisable to prepare common pits according to the shape of the group. When digging a trench under a hedge, they are guided by the following dimensions: for a single row hedge (W x D) 0.5 x 0.5 m, for a two row one - 0.7 x 0.5 m.

In seedlings, they carefully examine the root system and prune all damaged and too long roots.

Before planting, a mound of earth is poured at the bottom of the pit, the plant is set up, gently straightening the roots. When the plant goes to sleep, the plant is slightly shaken so that the earth evenly fills the voids between the roots. Poured soil compacted from the edges of the pit to the center.

The root neck of the planted plant should be 5–10 cm higher than the soil level, since the ground with which the pit has been buried will subsequently settle.

Around the planted plant around the perimeter of the planting pit (trench) form an earthen roller, 10-20 cm in height. It will not allow water to flow when watered. After planting the plants watered abundantly. The irrigation rate is at least 25 liters. for standard wood and 12 l for shrubs.

The plant nursery and garden center Paer + has been operating since 1998. During this time we have gained vast experience and knowledge in planting, caring for ornamental plants, conifers and fruit trees and shrubs. Here you can purchase plants to create a hedge, fruit trees and shrubs for your garden, as well as order landscaping and design works, gardening and landscaping. Trees and shrubs come from the oldest nurseries in Germany and Poland, as well as from our Voronezh nursery planting material. Plant nursery and garden center Paer + is conveniently located and located on the territory of the Main Botanical Garden in Moscow. The range of plants includes krupnomery, coniferous plants, deciduous plants, perennials, roses and rhododendrons, bonsai, molded plants, as well as any ornamental trees and shrubs to order. All information (articles, photos, etc.) posted on this site is the property of LLC “PAER +” and is protected by the Copyright Law.

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Planting trees and shrubs

Trees and shrubs adorn the garden at any time of the year. In spring and summer they fascinate us with their indescribable colors and beautiful leaves. In the fall they light up the garden with bright motley foliage, and in winter they impress with their expressive picturesque forms.

It is not necessary to have a large garden in order to find a place for a tree or a shrub. Now in gardening farms and nurseries can offer a variety of compact varieties of low-growing varieties of trees and shrubs.

There is an indisputable law of creating a beautiful garden - the use of modern ornamental trees and shrubs. They hold the "skeleton" of the garden, create the main compositional form! Without them, this garden will not work! But to do it right, you need to follow a few rules.

Six rules for planting trees and shrubs

1) Choose plants from special catalogs.In this case, it will be clear to you what the plant will become when it reaches maturity. Always consider how the crown form is combined with the existing garden situation or even with your character (if the branches are directed upwards, then they bring dynamism, activity, and the falling branches calm and slow down).

2) When placing plants, always make a dendroplan.It will allow you to find the optimal place for each tree and shrub and you do not need to constantly replant them, seeking the best option. Choosing a place with a pencil and a rubber band is easier than with buckets and a shovel! If you are not confident in your abilities, consult a specialist or attend appropriate courses.

3) When planting trees and shrubs should strictly comply with existing rules for the placement of woody plants.Do not be tempted by the small size of the seedling. Sooner or later, it will reach its maximum parameters, creating additional problems for you, which can be especially great if it concerns capital structures, communications and tracks. It is not only the trunk and crown of trees that grows, their roots are developing intensively, and they are capable of destroying any obstacle.

4) Seedlings - sold in a container or a pot, can be planted from early spring to late autumnbecause when transplanting its roots do not suffer at all.

5) (Saplings with an open root system are planted in spring or late summer).

However, with plants from 5 or 6 wintering groups (roses, some cypress trees, junipers, etc.), residents of central Russia, the Urals and Siberia need to be careful. In our conditions, they are not hardy. For their roots to germinate and stock up on nutrients for the winter, they should be planted as early as possible - in spring or summer.

6) When growing woody plants it is necessary to strictly comply with all the conditions of agricultural technology,grouping only those trees and shrubs that have the same growing conditions. For example, if you planted a lilac next to it (a drought-resistant plant) and a moisture-loving mite, then either the first one will rot, or the second will dry out! If you plant hydrangeas or rhododendrons in poor or ordinary garden soil, their flowering is unlikely to wait ...

7) Keep harmony and proportion of space -one half is open solar, and the second half is shaded, filled with plants. And do not forget that in winter your garden should also remain attractive. If everything is done correctly, your garden will surely bring you joy and satisfaction from a successful job!

How to plant trees and shrubs.When?

Trees and shrubs are planted in a dormant period - in the spring before bud break and in autumn when growth ends. In the conditions of the Central regions of Russia, early spring planting is preferable. It provides the best survival rate of plants. In the spring, there is a significant supply of moisture in the soil, which helps plants to settle in a new place. Before the onset of hot days, the sapling will have time to get stronger and harden. Planting can begin as soon as the soil thaws.

There is a third landing time - winter. Yes, do not be surprised, winter landing gives very high results due to the least injury to the root system. Large trees are generally planted only in winter. But such a landing requires strict implementation of a certain technology, and only a specialist can perform it competently.

Which seedling to choose

Before you go to buy seedlings, you need to calculate the amount of planting material you need. It should be borne in mind that the garden grows in one place for many years and the trees should not overshadow each other. The following areas are allotted for planting fruit trees: under apple trees, 3/4 m, pears, 3/3 m, plums, 2/3 m, cherries, 2? 2 m. Planting with "stock" is a traditional mistake of an amateur gardener. Yes, the seedlings are small, but it will take several years, and the grown trees will begin to interfere with each other. No pruning will help, and attempts to uproot extra trees will damage the overgrown roots of other trees. When planting, berry bushes are located at a distance of 1.5 m from each other in a single row arrangement. If you are laying a whole plantation under the gooseberry or currant, the distance between the rows should be 3 m.

So you decide what you need. Buy seedlings only in specialized nurseries. Having bought a sapling from a dubious seller, located on the side of a highway, you may sincerely be surprised to find out after a while that the elite apple variety you have purchased will turn out to be ordinary rowan or something else. When purchasing planting material, it is necessary to carefully monitor the quality of seedlings, excluding plants with mechanical damage to the roots, stem, crown, poorly developed, with a strong curvature of the stem, with poorly combined graft and rootstock, influx of root cancer on the root neck or main roots. The root system of the seedlings put up for sale should be in the ground or at least covered with a wet sacking. Be sure to consider whether the roots have dried up. If they look dry, bend badly, discard this plant. This is very important, since the active, suction roots are located at the ends of the main conductive roots, they are very thin, they dry quickly. Such a tree will not be able to absorb water. If you choose a seedling in a container, pay attention to the size of the container and the plant in it. Unscrupulous nurseries can offer you a two-meter sapling in a 30 cm deep container. This applies primarily to seedlings of those tree species that have a strong taproot. Most likely, in this case, the main root, when planted in a container, was cut off and the plant would not survive for long.

Healthy biennial saplings of fruit trees must meet the following requirements: have intact roots (at least 3 branches of 30 cm or more in length), a well-developed bud, a trunk at least 2 cm thick, well overgrown inoculation site, 3 correctly arranged branches 40-60 cm long .

Immediately after purchase, wrap the roots of the seedling with a cloth; do not transport the purchased plant with an open root system on the trunk of the car. Headwinds will not only break off thin roots and twigs, but also dry them. If you don’t immediately go to the plot, but you will over-keep the seedlings in a city apartment, find a cool place and wrap the roots with a damp cloth, otherwise the buds may begin to open. Do not let the fabric dry. Keep the roots of a seedling in a container of water should not be, as they may suffocate or begin to rot.

How to prepare landing pits

Landing pits are prepared in advance. Ideally, for spring planting, the pits should be dug in the autumn, and for the autumn - 2-3 weeks before planting. The optimal size of the pits for trees is 1 m in diameter, the depth is up to 0.8 m. For shrubs, a pit of 0.6–0.8 m in diameter and 0.5 m in depth is sufficient. Such a large volume is necessary so that the young and still weak roots of the seedling, developing, at least for the first year or two, do not spend power on breaking through dense layers of untouched soil.

When digging the pit, first remove the upper, fertile soil layer to the depth of the spade bayonet and fold it to the edge of the pit. The lower, barren layer is taken out and folded separately. Fertilizers are laid in the pit: 1-1.5 kg of double superphosphate, 50-100 g of potassium sulphate, the same amount of potassium chloride, up to 1 kg of wood ash, up to 1.5 kg of lime (fluff), 1-2 compost buckets or well-rotted manure. All fertilizers are thoroughly mixed with half of the soil taken out of the top of the pit.

A third of the mixture mixed with fertilizers is again removed from the pit and then used when planting the seedling together with the remaining soil. If the soil in your garden is heavy enough, add a couple of buckets of sand to the ground that has been extracted from the pit. When light, sandy soil in the lower part of the pit, fill with clay or loamy soil.

Seedling preparation for planting

Before planting trees, cut off the damaged ends of the roots to healthy tissue. The remaining roots are preserved, since the larger the seedling of the roots and the longer and branching they are, the better and faster it will take root and grow. A couple of hours before planting, soak the seedling root system in water. This will help the thin roots deal and get water. Thus prepared seedlings after planting easier to absorb moisture in the soil. If the seedling has a poorly developed root system or the crown volume significantly exceeds the volume of the root system, pruning of the seedlings is carried out. This must be done because a small amount of roots will not be able to deliver to the leaves and branches the necessary amount of water and mineral substances dissolved in it. It is better if the root system is not overloaded during the sapling adaptation period. Allowed to trim the main stem and side branches for 1/3 of the length.

Landing

From the land that has already been buried in the landing pit, make a mound. Place the seedling on this mound so that the root neck of the plant (the transition point of the trunk to the root) is 3-5 cm above the level of the edge of the pit. This is one of the most important conditions for planting, especially in fruit trees. From the correct location of the root collar in the soil will depend on all further growth of your tree. During deep planting of fruit trees, growth is suspended, crown is poorly formed, plants suffer from various diseases. In the future, these trees bloom badly and bear fruit. With high planting, when the root collar is well above ground level, wild growth may occur below the grafting level. Such trees do not tolerate winter.

Make sure the roots are evenly distributed across the planting pit. Then pour the sapling into the prepared soil. It is more convenient to plant together: one supports the sapling, and the other pours the earth in such a way as to leave as few voids as possible. As the pit is filled up, shake the seedling from time to time for a more even distribution of the earth around the roots. After backfilling, compact the soil around the seedling with your foot. Do this carefully so as not to tear the roots. About the seedling driven stake, which is attached to the seedling. When the pit is filled, the roots are reliably covered with soil, around the tree they make a hole along the contour of the pit and pour it with at least one or two buckets of water. The main purpose of irrigation is to ensure good soil contact with the roots. When water is absorbed, the earth around the seedling is sprinkled with a mixture of earth with humus or peat. This will reduce the evaporation of water from the pit and prevent surface drying and cracking of the soil.

With a high location of the groundwater level - above 1-1.5 m from the soil surface - it is recommended to plant fruit trees on knolls or earthen ramparts 30-50 cm high and up to 1 m wide. The pit is dug smaller, the soil is prepared in the same way as for normal landing. Then the pit is filled up with the prepared soil mixture, leveled, a stake is driven into the center. The seedling should be tied to a cola so that the roots are located above the soil, and the root collar is 5-7 cm above the level of the future hillock or shaft. Pour the roots in such a way that they are evenly distributed over the prepared embankment and covered with soil. Around the tree planted on an elevation it is necessary to make an annular hole, piled around the seedling slightly to tamper the ground, carefully pour.

Care for young plantings

The first few weeks should ensure that the trees are in the same position as when planting. Uneven subsidence of land can cause unwanted tilting of seedlings and exposure of the roots. If this happens, water the seedling very abundantly so that it can be returned to its upright position without harm to the roots. After that, secure the tree with an additional inclined peg. Sprinkle the ground with a strong subsidence or exposure of the roots, do not fill the root neck.

Young trees have thin and thin-skinned bark. To protect seedlings from sunburn, mechanical damage and pests, treat the trunks with copper sulfate solution and whiten garden whitewash. Use for this pure lime is not recommended.

The roots of young trees are located close to the surface of the earth. They cannot get water from the depths. On hot summer days, try not to allow the wheel circle to dry. Do not be too lazy to water the trees abundantly, and after watering, if possible, grind the soil with peat, sawdust, finely chopped bark or other loose material.

In the reference literature, you can find other ways and methods of planting and caring for young seedlings. Do not be surprised that they differ, because the art of gardening for hundreds of years and a variety of techniques perfected for different areas, soil types, slope plots and other features of land allocated for the garden. Evaluate and implement the landing method, which is more suitable for your site, and you will get a high result. Never rely on chance. Here is what P. N. Steinberg wrote in the book “Gardener's Ordinary Recipe” in 1911: “Honor a fruit tree, like any domestic animal that is created for the benefit of man. Feed it. Drink it. Fruit tree, like any living the creature has many diseases and enemies: heal its diseases and drive out the enemies, the tree will reward you for doing so with thorny. "

The result of planting trees and shrubs - their survival rate, depends on many factors:

plant selection;
preparation for landing;
proper landing;
care.

In this article we will consider the technological features of the preparation for planting various trees and shrubs. If you have not yet decided on the choice of plantations for your landscape, then a specialist dendrologist of the company LandGrand will help you.

He will answer all your questions and tell the main tree planting rules. For your site will be developed dendroplan. You can order the turnkey service of any plantings all year round or simply buy planting material in our nursery.

Krupnomer preparation

Large trees are planted only with a lump of earth, which should be ten times larger than the base of its trunk. Best of all this process takes place in the winter.

During this period, the trees rest, and the earth firmly rests on the roots. It is always possible to properly form a strong lump, which increases the survival rate of plantations.

Preparing for planting trees, depending on the location of the site, can be carried out using special equipment or manually. The latter method contributes to better survival, but more laborious.

When in a warmer period, it is necessary to ensure reliable protection of coma from destruction. To do this, use the normal burlap or special containers.

Fruit trees

Fruit trees are planted with or without a lump. Tree planting time - the main factor on which the choice of technology works.

Landing with a lump can be carried out almost the entire season - from spring to autumn. Fruit trees with an open root system are planted only in spring or autumn.

Autumn transplants of fruit trees should end a month before the onset of frost. Trees spud a layer of soil with a height of 20-30 cm. This operation will protect their roots from freezing.

Tree planting is individual, but it is best to carry out work at a time when the plants are at rest:

in early spring;
late autumn;
in the winter.

Spring activities require early work, as soon as the soil dries up a little. All soil preparation operations should be carried out in the fall.

The shape and size of the pit should correspond to a particular seedling. The pit must be filled with soil mixture, which is prepared from black soil, sand, peat, humus and other fertilizers.

The recipe for the "right" mix is best ordered from experts. Further, there is nothing difficult in its preparation. Using a shovel, all components are mixed in the pit.

Shrubs planting

Full landscape design is impossible without the use of a variety of shrubs. Even ornamental trees are used less frequently.

It requires proper preparation, and the process itself can be implemented using two technologies:

1) the use of earthy coma or plastic packaging - is used year-round;

2) planting with open roots - is carried out in early spring or late autumn. It is important for the plant to “rest” during this period.

Preparation of deciduous shrubs necessarily provides an assessment of the state of the root system. Successful development of a plant depends on its condition. So that the root processes do not dry out, the seedling should be placed in water for a day.

Planting deciduous trees

Such plants can be planted year-round. Main conditions:

1) landing occurs with a closed root system;

2) after planting, regular and proper care is provided.

Saplings with a bare root are planted in early spring or late autumn. Under such conditions, the chances of plants taking root in a new place are quite high.

There are situations where you may not have time to finish all the work before the onset of cold weather. In this case, you need prikopat seedlings at an angle of 40-50 degrees, leaving to wait for the spring planting.

Preparation of container seedlings consists in the fact that several hours before planting they are immersed in a container with water. For tar large volumes use abundant watering of plants.

The development of the root system occurs much more actively in breadth of the planting pit than inland. This should be considered when preparing for planting. In this case, the best conditions will be in trees that are planted in wider pits.

It is extremely important, when digging a hole, to do a seemingly uncomplicated work in the correct technological sequence:

1) mark the perimeter of the pit;

2) remove the top layer of turf and pile it up;

3) dig up a fertile layer of soil and put also separately;

4) loosen the bottom of the pit and place the removed upper layer of turf downward on it;

5) prepare a special mixture for filling the pit, mixing fertile soil with humus and mineral fertilizers.

Each tree species has its own planting technology. But there are general, simple rules for preparing for transplantation, which will help increase plant survival.

Entrust the tree inspection to a dendrologist.

This service must be ordered necessarily. It will not be superfluous to be personally present during the inspection operations.

When ordering trees from foreign nurseries, as a rule, you have no such opportunity. And only at the time of delivery is possible deviations or defects in the development of the tree visible.

In any case, various certificates must be supplied with the products. Trust only reputable kennels.

Prepare the landing hole in advance

To do this correctly, determine where the root of the neck is located. This will allow you to know the depth of the pit, which is necessary for planting this plant.

The root neck is in the place of a thickening of the trunk with the first lateral roots. It may be necessary to remove the soil layer from the surface of the coma to determine it.

Dig a wide planting hole, the diameter of which is at least three times the diameter of the roots of the seedling (earth coma). Loosen its bottom and walls, prepare the fertilized soil mixture.

Tree planting rates Provide the following: the height of the pit should be less than the height of the earth coma by the amount of shrinkage of the tree, which is on average about 5-10 cm. Such preparatory work is preferably carried out 7-14 days before planting.

Study well the landing site. Especially pay attention to the location of various communications on the site.

Provide maximum protection for planting material.

For such purposes, use the packaging earthy coma burlap or its placement in special containers. During lifting and transport work, it is important not to damage the trunk of plants. Raise plants can only be for whom.

Manual technology of planting trees and shrubs is more gentle in this regard. During the work with krupnomer, taking into account their weight, it is necessary to apply special equipment. Especially if the layout of the site allows travel to the landing site.

The specialists of LandGrand, depending on each specific situation, apply the most rational solution. We guarantee safety and a high percentage of plant survival. This is achieved through proper preparation for planting.

Gardening in Russia was considered to be not only useful, but also noble. We do not get tired to be surprised and rejoice at the creations of landscape art created by the hands of old masters. Traction to the ground irresistible makes you create your garden. And even if it is very small, it will delight you, your children and grandchildren - this is already wonderful.

Spring began, and with it the search for seedlings for the garden. There are endless questions: what is better, when and how to plant. So…

When

Which seedling to choose

How to prepare landing pits

When digging the pit, first remove the upper, fertile soil layer to the depth of the spade bayonet and fold it to the edge of the pit. The lower, barren layer is taken out and folded separately. Fertilizers are laid in the pit: 1-1.5 kg of double superphosphate, 50-100 g of potassium sulfate, the same amount of potassium chloride, up to 1 kg of wood ash, up to 1.5 kg of fluff lime, 1-2 compost buckets or well-rotten manure . All fertilizers are thoroughly mixed with half of the soil taken out of the top of the pit.

Seedling preparation for planting

Landing

Care for young plantings

In the reference literature, you can find other ways and methods of planting and caring for young seedlings. Do not be surprised that they differ, because the art of gardening for hundreds of years and a variety of techniques perfected for different areas, soil types, slope plots and other features of land allocated for the garden. Evaluate and implement the landing method, which is more suitable for your site, and you will get a high result. Never rely on chance. Here is what P. N. Steinberg wrote in the book “Gardener's Ordinary Recipe” in 1911: “Honor a fruit tree, like any domestic animal that is created for the benefit of man. Feed it. Drink it. Fruit tree, like any living the creature has many diseases and enemies: cure its diseases and drive out the enemies, the tree will reward you for this tenths. "

Galina Korovina

Provided by ID Business World