Carry out quilting of supports in 110 sq. Diagnosis of windy lines and guarantee of brightness

This information can be used as a guide for folding the arms to quilt the supports.

Explanatory note

Until today I'll see the results of the quilting of the reinforced concrete supports

Stand for carrying out work

The work is carried out within the framework of Agreement No. 07/11 for repair work, technical maintenance and diagnostic maintenance of objects of the electrical power supply system

Zagalni position.

Warehouse of diagnostic robots:

Inspection of reinforced concrete supports using a non-destructive ultrasonic express method

Checking the position of the supports

List of lines and number of reinforced concrete supports that facilitate diagnosis:

Substation 220 kV D-1 Ulyanivska - Zamiska 169 supports

Substation 220 kV D-9 Luzine - Nazivaivska 466 supports

Substation 220 kV D-13 Tavriyska - Moskovka 130 supports

Substation 220 kV D-14 Tavriyska - Moskovka 130 supports

Substation 220 kV L-225 Irtiska - Valikhanov 66 supports

The entire structure was supported by 961 reinforced concrete supports.

Results of quilting submarine supports.

The cover actually covered 1036 intermediate reinforced concrete supports.

Substation 220 kV D-1 Ulyanivska - Zamiska 165 supports

Substation 220 kV D-9 Luzine - Nazivaivska 504 supports

Substation 220 kV D-13 Tavriyska - Moskovka 130 supports

Substation 220 kV D-14 Tavriyska - Moskovka 130 supports

Substation 220 kV L-224 Irtiska - Minkul 53 supports

Substation 220 kV L-225 Irtiska - Valikhanov 52 supports

Centrifuge stand mill

Substation 220 kV D-1 Ulyanivska - Zamiska (165 pcs.)

The normal plant has 54 centrifuged effluents (32.7%)

Robotnik has 102 pieces. (61.8%)

The deceased has 9 pieces. (5.4%)

Substation 220 kV D-9 Luzino - Nazivaivska (506 units)

The normal plant has 260 centrifugation racks (51.4%)

Robotnik has 170 pieces. (33.6%)

The lost one has 42 pcs. (8.3%)

The one in front has 34 pieces. (6.7%)

Substation 220 kV D-13 Tavriyska - Moskovka (130 pcs.)

A normal plant has 75 centrifuge racks (57.7%)

Robotnik has 48 pieces. (36.9%)

The deceased has 5 pcs. (3.8%)

The one in front has 2 pieces. (1.54%)

Substation 220 kV D-14 Tavriyska - Moskovka (130 pcs.)

The normal plant has 79 centrifuged racks (60.7%)

Robotnik has 39 pieces. (30.0%)

For the deceased 11 approx. (8.46%)

The front one has 1 piece. (0.76%)

Substation 220 kV L-224 Irtiska - Minkul (53 pcs.)

The normal plant has 37 centrifuge racks (69.8%)

Robotnik has 11 pieces. (20.8%)

For the deceased 2 pcs. (3.8%)

The one in front has 3 pieces. (5.7%)

Substation 220 kV L-225 Irtiska - Valikhanov (52 pcs.)

The normal plant has 31 centrifugation racks (59.6%)

Robotnik has 18 pieces. (34.6%)

For the deceased 1 pc. (1.9%)

The one in front has 2 pieces. (3.8%)

Visnovok

The upholstered reinforced concrete supports of the 220 kV submarine of the Omsk enterprise MES Siberia are located at the working mill, with various operational controls, the value of the control parameters of the surrounding elements in a normal mill.

The main visible defects of the reinforced concrete terminal and cylindrical struts SK-5, SK-7 and SN-220, which are made of the reinforced concrete supports of most of the cladding submarines, revealed during their cladding:

Local stripping of reinforcement and slightly late cracking of concrete (working mill)

We installed centrifuge stands larger than the permissible limits

The presence of transverse cracks in concrete is greater than the permissible size (transfer mill).

However, in a number of cases, instrumental control did not confirm the initial failure of transverse cracks in the support struts. In connection with these supports, which still have sufficient structural resource for load-bearing concrete and reinforcement, which are brought to the transfer station only for the presence of transverse cracks in unsafe overcutting of the elements ok, as repair and preventive robots took less effort. Recommended approaches for these types of supports instead of steel: additional control I will stand 1 time for 3 days, protect myself from VOS (infusion of too much grayness), install time-sensitive metal bandages. To verify the correctness of the rejection of centrifuge risers of reinforced concrete supports based on data from instrumental control of them, it is necessary to carry out mechanical testing of the limiting non-concrete design of risers in operation. Such testing has already been carried out by us before (Appendix 1) and showed the level of unsafety of these and other defects for non-structural racks.

It is necessary to carry out cosmetic repairs before operating the PL supports, which are in the working position, and supports that move too far beyond the permissible margin (more than 3.0 degrees) must be straightened carefully . However, in some cases, the correction of reinforced concrete supports may be impossible due to greater damage, lower crust. We are talking about the non-vertical installation of a reinforced concrete support in the preparation pit. This happens if the relief of the submarine route does not allow the pit to be strictly vertical for installation of a reinforced concrete support, or if the crossbars are installed incorrectly (Fig. 1). In case of any situation, if the verticality of the support is not ensured during the period of the submarine’s operation, and during the hours of operation there was no significant change in the value of the support’s cob, then such a support is brought to a vertical position, for example by the method ORGRES, can lead to the immediate appearance at the support of the transverse cracks and weakening of the concrete support in the zone of maximum bending moment (Fig. 2). It is more correct in such situations to either organize security for the weak supports in order to determine the tendency and speed of their deterioration, or to re-install the supports in a new foundation pit.

Small 1. Nahil support No. 193 vzdovzh submarine 220 kV D-9 “Luzino – Nazivaivska”

It appears that the casual (or permanent) eccentricities from the external pressure on the support are compressed by the reinforcement of the reinforced concrete post, and the concrete itself mainly bears the pressure that is compressed. Therefore, as long as the reinforcement of the reinforced concrete post is designed to ensure the forward stress of the concrete on the level, which greatly exceeds the strength that flows into the concrete through the support of the post, the support is designed to retain its operating function ii without correction.

It is also evident that under a layer of undamaged concrete, corrosion of the reinforcement cannot occur through passivation of its surface under the influence of the pores of the concrete (the daily pH indicator for the destruction of concrete is close to 10-12).

Therefore, in order to maintain the durability of a concrete support that may have deep cracks, it is important to carry out cosmetic repairs to damaged concrete to prevent it from leaking into excess fluid. For example, leakage of the surface and cracks with highly adhesive chemical materials (such as Sibir-Ultra) and the closure of the upper opening of the stand prevents atmospheric agents from getting into the middle.

For example, we have quilted 274 pieces in 2010. reinforced concrete supports of the 220 kV submarine "Tyumen-Tavda" (MES Zakhidny Siberia), which was created in 1964 from the installation of cylindrical centrifuge stands SN-220, galvanized cross-arms and galvanized metal covers, so close the top opening of the stand, practically in full storage. Fig 3). I want to get rid of them (Fig. 4).

Small 2. Transverse cracks that have developed in the concrete of the installed centrifuged support column No. 875 PL 225 through its correction.

Small 3. The top of support No. 45 of the 220 kV submarine "Tyumen - Tavda" is covered with a galvanized metal cover from the moment the submarine is in operation

Small 4. You can see the fender of support No. 44 of the 220 kV Tyumen-Tavda submarine

Visnovki

1. In a specific skin condition, there is a frailty of the concrete support that exceeds the permissible limit, the kidney must be monitored for it due to the development of tendencies and weaknesses in the frailty, as well as the development of obvious defects. In times of unsafe trends and threats, it is necessary to either reinstall the support on a new foundation pit or replace it. A similar approach can be applied to the racks, where there may still be unbroken (safe) transverse cracks.

2. The failure of the tensile struts (less than 4.5% of the upholstered parts) is caused by the presence of transverse cracks, the appearance of which is associated with both the correction of the supports and supercritical external injections. There are a total of 42 such stands, which must be replaced by 2016. In addition, the support posts No. 9 on the 220 kV D-13 and D-14 substation and the support posts No. 74, 85, 120, 181 and 183 on the 220 kV D-1 subs are being replaced.

It is necessary to re-install the rock or replace the support No. 152 with a 220 kV D-9 submarine, which has a drop of more than 7 degrees, and install a metal bandage on the supports No. 172 and 350 PL in the zone of intense cracking. i.

The power transmission line (PL) has been damaged - a device for transmitting and distributing electrical energy through wires that are laid out in the open air and attached to supports or brackets and risers on engineering structures for up to with the help of insulators and fittings. The preparation before the introduction will be carried to the PL.

Diagnostics of isolators An important part of ensuring reliable operation of electrical power supply devices is immediate and clear diagnostics of insulation barriers. Today, there are not enough reliable methods for remote detection of defective insulators and technical capabilities that allow these methods to be implemented. Before installation, test the plastic container parts of the insulator with a voltage of 50 kV mid-word frequency stretch 1 xv, measured with a megohmmeter at a voltage of 2.5 kV Their number is calculated, which is no less than 300 MOhm. Diagnosis of insulators that are in operation is carried out using remote control devices or vibrating rods (Fig. 2.6 – 2.8). Let's take a look at what physical effects arise from the result of stagnation of a high-voltage insulator. The theory is that if two electrodes separated by an insulator are added to the electric field of sufficient strength, then an electrically conductive ball is created on the surface or in the body of the insulator, which is responsible for this development There is an electrical discharge - a streamer. The culprit and development of the discharge is accompanied by the generation of vibration in a wide range of frequencies (in the infrared, thermal, sound, ultrasonic frequency ranges, in the visible spectrum and a wide range of radio frequencies). It is obvious that the primary part of the diagnostic device is to identify the current development of the streamer. Polymer insulators can be produced well in other ways, such as cellulose or glass insulators, and it is important to ensure that such insulators are free from any physical defects such as cracks or damage, which are to be avoided.

On submarine 110 kV the suspension insulators will become stuck; on PL 35 kV And both pendant insulators and rod insulators can be stuck together below. When the insulator in the garland breaks down, the dielectric “spreader” collapses and falls to the ground at one end, and when the porcelain insulator breaks down, the splice is lost whole. Therefore, faulty glass insulators can be seen with an unbreakable eye, since the diagnostics of porcelain insulators that went wrong can only be done with the help of special devices, for example, the “Filin” ultraviolet diagnostic device.

Damaged power transmission lines (PL) with voltage 35 kV They are the main ones in power transmission systems. And therefore, the defects and malfunctions that appear on them result in a non-gain localization and subtraction. Analysis of accidents on damaged lines shows that a large number of overhead lines are rapidly emerging as a result of changes in the power of the material of the wires and their contact connections (CC): the destruction of wires through corrosion and in Irration, washing, wear, waste, oxidation, etc. In addition, with skin damage, the deterioration of porcelain, glass and polymer insulators increases. Due to the absence of clinical methods and systems for diagnosing the presence of chemical elements, the prevention of stench is usually difficult, prone to insecurity and, in addition, involves disconnecting the equipment from voltage. The method of lining submarines for helicopter patrols is characterized by high productivity. Work per day (5 - 6 year) look around to 200 km line During helicopter patrolling, the following types of operations are carried out:

Thermal imaging diagnostics of submarines, insulators, contact connections and fittings using the method of identifying elements that are susceptible to temperature heating and defects that develop (Figure 5.8);

Ultraviolet diagnostics of submarines, insulators, contact connections with the method of detecting corona discharges on them (Fig. 5.10);

Visual inspection of supports, insulators, contact connections (Figure 5.9, a video camera with a high separate section is installed).

The installation of thermal imagers makes it possible to simplify the process of monitoring the state of arresters installed on air lines 35, 110 kV. Based on thermograms, it is possible to identify not only the phase of the discharger with an increased conductivity stream, but also the specific defective element that has stuck to the increased conductivity stream. Proper replacement and repair of defective elements allows you to continue to operate the arresters.

The number of aviation inspections with the development of advanced technologies is increasing in the countries. For example, TVA is working on installing infrared cameras with a high separation rate on a stabilized suspension and DayCor cameras for detecting corona on elements during aviation inspections Submarine at daytime, radar for

the appearance of rotting wooden supports. The formation of corona on the PL elements indicates short circuits, cracks or obstruction of ceramic insulators or broken wires. With corona, weak ultraviolet radiation is to blame, so it is impossible to work during the day. The DayCor camera has a filter that allows ultraviolet light to pass through in the range of 240 - 280 nm allows the crown to be displayed during the daytime.

For operational diagnostics of support-strip insulators and ceramics of high-voltage bushings, a small-sized portable vibration diagnostic device Ajax-M is installed. To obtain diagnostic information, an impact action is detected on the shank of the support insulator, after which resonant vibrations are generated. The parameters of these cuttings are related to the technical mill of the insulator. The appearance of defects of any type leads to a decrease in the frequency of resonant vibrations and an increase in the fluidity of their extinction. To eliminate the influx of resonant vibrations of the structure connected to the insulator, vibration registration is carried out after two impacts - on the upper and lower ridges of the insulator. On the basis of the equalization of the spectra of resonant vibrations upon impact on the upper and lower parts of the insulator, an assessment of the technical state and detection of defects is carried out.

Using the additional “Ajax-M” device, you can diagnose the support insulation and look for defects of the following types: the presence of cracks in the insulator ceramics or local burnt ceramics in the support sheathes; the presence of porosity in the ceramic insulator; The determined coefficient of the technical state of the insulator. The categories of the insulator are determined after the diagnostic steps - “requires replacement”, “requires additional control” or “can be used”. The registered parameters of the insulator can be recorded in the device's memory and transferred to the computer's memory to save processing. With the help of additional additional programs, it is possible to evaluate changes in the parameters of the isolator from dimming to dimming. Using additional equipment, diagnostics of insulators of almost any type and brand can be carried out.

For evaluation I will valve arresters

vimir support;

suppression of the conductivity stream under rectified voltage;

reduction of breakdown voltage;

thermal imaging control.

For evaluation I will interconnection overvoltage Try out the following:

vimir support;

vimirvaniya struma conductivity;

thermal imaging control.

Diagnostics of darts. To identify possible problem areas on power lines that arise through vibration, a device for monitoring and analyzing vibration of power line wires is used. The device allows you to evaluate on site in real weather conditions the vibration characteristics of power lines with different designs, wire tension and technical safety, to determine the nominal term of wire service, that are subject to vibration. It is equipped with a vibration instrument that is used on site to monitor and analyze the vibration of wind power lines exposed to wind. It measures the frequencies and amplitudes of all vibration cycles, stores data in a matrix with high clarity and compiles the results to ensure an estimate of the average service term.

Flaw detection of wires and lightning-resistant cables of high-voltage power transmission lines. The reliability of submarines lies in the importance of steel ropes, which are used as wire ropes, load-bearing elements in combined wires, lightning protection cables, and cable ties. Control of the technical production of the submarine and its elements is based on regular detection of defects in accordance with the standards and tolerances established in the design materials of the pierced submarine, in national standards, PUE, SNIP, TU and other regulatory documents. The installation of wires and cables must be assessed by visual inspection. However, this method does not allow detecting damage in the middle of the wires. For the admixture of the boss, I will become a cable of the plus of the unheated method, not Ruinu, for the preferences of the flaw detector, the permitted vitrity of the Yak ink, so I am the inside outwitter.

Thermal method for diagnosing PL. It is possible to detect the flow of heat and avoid accidents associated with overheating on wind lines at the early stages of its occurrence. For this purpose, thermal imagers or pyrometers are used.

Assessment of the thermal performance of flue-conducting parts and insulation of submarines is important in the minds of their work and design:

Beyond the standard temperatures, heating (temperature overshoot);

Over-temperature;

Dynamics of temperature changes per hour;

With the change of vantage;

The way is to equalize the existing temperature values ​​between phases, between phases, from clearly referenced sections.

The limit values ​​of the heating temperature and its excess are established in the regulatory directives RD 153-34.0-20363-99 "Basic provisions of the methodology for infrared diagnostics of electrical equipment and submarines", as well as "Instructions with infrared "For diagnostics of damaged power lines."

For contacts and contact connections, keep the expansion joints at the desired level (0.6 - 1.0) I nom after a significant relapse. The change in the transition of the temperature value to the normal value results from the relationship:

, (2.5)

de Δ T nom - temperature change at I nom;

Δ T slave - temperature fluctuations at I slave;

For contacts with struma navantazhenya (0.3 – 0.6) I However, their assessment will be carried out at above-world temperature. As a standard, the temperature value is overestimated by 0.5 I nom. To re-arrange the relationship, the following relationship is used:

, (2.6)

de: Δ T 0.5 - above-world temperature at sea level 0.5 I nom.

Thermal imaging control of the equipment and jet-conducting parts with jet intensity below 0.3 I it is not effective to detect defects at an early stage of their development. Defects detected during the specified inspections are considered to be defects at the emergency stage of malfunction. And an insignificant part of the defects are traced back to defects with the stage of malfunction that develops. Please note that there is no assessment of the level of failure of defects on indirectly overheated installation surfaces. Indirect overheating can be caused by defects, such as cracks, in the middle of the insulators of the electrical outlet, the temperature of which varies, in which often the defective parts in the middle of the object become even hot and burnt . Treatment with indirect overheating should be carried to another or third stage of overheating. The evaluation will be carried out at above-world temperature.

Inspection of all types of wires of overhead power lines using the thermal imaging method is carried out:

Innovations in the operation of submarines - in the First River they were put into operation with a flow rate of at least 80%;

Submarines who work from the borderline struma vantage, either to live with their companions, or to work in the minds of the moving clouds of the atmosphere, the great wind and icy vantage - sadly;

Submarines that have been in service for 25 cycles or more, with 5% of contact connections rejected - at least 1 time per 3 cycles;

Other overhead lines - no less than 1 time per 6 days.

Ultrasonic diagnostics of submarine supports. Evaluation of reinforced concrete supports using an ultrasonic surface sounding device. Constantly taking care of the support structure of submarines allows not only to avoid accidents, but also to improve the profitability of operating electrical lines, including repairs of such supports, which may require repair or replacement. A significant part of the submarine supports in our region and behind the cordon is made of reinforced concrete. The widest type of reinforced concrete support is a stand in the shape of a thick-walled pipe, prepared by centrifugation. Under the influence of climatic factors, vibration and labor force, the concrete of the pillar changes its structure, cracks, shows different deterioration and, as a result, the pillar gradually loses its originality, but is not useful. Therefore, there is a need to replace the racks and regularly update all the racks of electrical fences. Such quilting also prevents the careful rejection of supports.

The possibility of an objective assessment of the non-constructive properties of centrifuged reinforced concrete pillars of supports is based on the fact that with a change in the structure of concrete and the appearance of new defects, there is a decrease in the value of concrete, which manifests There is a change in the fluidity of the ultrasonic rings. Moreover, due to the design features of the struts and the nature of the emphasis on them, the change in power of concrete in the vertical and transverse directions of the struts appears to be different: the elasticity of ultrasound in the transverse direction decreases more rapidly over time, which, perhaps, can be explained by the displacements concentration of microcracks with an important late orientation. By changing the values ​​of fluids expanded by ultrasound along and across the rack during operation, as well as their relationship, one can judge the level of waste of the non-specific work of the rack and make decisions about it and replacement.

Technical maintenance of overhead power transmission lines (PL) includes inspections (of various types), preventive checks and repairs, and elimination of other faults.

Inspections of the submarine are carried out periodically and day by day. In its own way, periodic surveys are divided into daily, nightly, upper and control.

Day surveys (the main type of surveys) are carried out once a month. When placing the PL elements near the binoculars, look around the upper elements of the line. Check the night to check the contact connections and street lighting.

At the hour of carrying out top-level inspections, the submarine is turned on and grounded, the fastening of insulators and fittings, the wire frame, the tension of the hoods, etc. are checked. bud. Night and mountain surveys are planned as necessary.

Control inspections of the surrounding plots of the line are carried out by engineering and technical personnel once a day to check the electrical work of electricians, evaluate the route, and make emergency stops.

Day-by-day inspections are carried out after accidents, storms, injuries, severe frosts (below 40 o C) and other natural disasters.

The work that is carried out during the maintenance of overhead power lines includes:

inspecting the route (presence of foreign objects and breakers under the wires, the opposite part of the route, alteration of supports, distortions of elements, etc.);

assessment of the strength of the wires (the presence of breaks and melting of edged parts, the presence of marks, the amount of sag, etc.);

inspection of supports and stands (support frame, visibility of posters, continuity of grounding);

control of insulators, switching equipment, cable joints on units, arresters.

Re-verification of the submarine route

When looking at the route of the submarine, the electrician checks the wire and breaks it.

The protection zone L is indicated by straight lines 1 (Fig. 1), distant from the projection of the outermost wires 2 onto the riser 1, which lies within the nominal voltage value of the submarine (for submarines up to 20 kV inclusive 1 = 10 m).

Small 1. Security zone

The glades are covered with a passable line in forest areas and green areas. In this case, the width of the clearing (Fig. 2) C = A+6m at h4m, where C is the width of the clearing, which is normalized, A is between the outermost wires, h is the height of the tree.

Small 2. Vary the width of the meadow

In parks and reserves, the width of the grass can be changed, and in orchards with trees up to 4 m high, cutting down the grass is not necessary.

The gap is indicated horizontally from the outermost wires of the line with their greatest coverage to the nearest protruding parts of the line. For submarines up to 20 kV, the gap is no less than 2 m.

In the security zone, the placement of stacks of hay and straw, timber and other flammable wastes is protected, so that if they are ignited, they may become stuck to the ground. Near the wires and supports, earthworks, communication lines, and roads are blocked.

When passing a submarine with wooden supports in places, where possible the lower parts will burn near the skin supports within a radius of 2 m, the ground must be cleared of grass and chagarkas or frozen concrete attachments.

The practice of operating overhead power lines shows that accidents are often caused by violation of line safety rules and incorrect actions of the population (marks on foreign objects, climbing on supports, flying kites , cleaning in the burial zone with long poles then). Emergency situations can also occur when truck cranes, vehicles and other equipment with a height of 4.5 m pass under power lines or on roads.

When the work is carried out near the submarine with different mechanisms, the distance from their hanging parts to the wires is not less than 1.5 m. When crossing the road from the submarine, signal signs are installed on both sides according to the permissible height for transportation with vantage.

The organization that operates the lines may carry out clarification work with the production personnel regarding the peculiarities of work near high-voltage power lines, as well as among the population, due to the inadmissibility of violating the rules of fire protection. ій.

Checking the position of the supports

When inspecting the submarine route, the stage of support alignment is monitored according to the permissible standards in the vertical position, vertically and across the line. The reasons for the damage may be a siege to the ground of the base of the support, improper installation, weak fastening in places where parts are received, loosening of tensioners, etc. A weak support creates additional stress due to moisture in unsafe cuts in the ground and can lead to mechanical failure.

The alignment of the vertical parts of the support from the normal position is checked according to the diagram (Fig. 3) or with the help of geodetic devices. Changing the position of the horizontal parts is checked by eye (Fig. 4) or with the help of a theodolite.

Small 3. Designated position of supports

Small 4. Designated position of the traverse

When the schil is significant, it is necessary to go from the support to such a stand so that the schil thread is projected at the top of the support. Keeping a thread on the surface of the ground, marking an object. Having measured the height from the new one to the axis of the base of the support, determine the size of the knee. Accurate results in surveys can be obtained using special geodetic devices.

Checking the support frame

When inspecting reinforced concrete supports, the main concern is the identification of visible defects. Such defects can be seen in the poor connection of the reinforcement with the concrete, the one-sided joint of the reinforcement cage along the axis of the support drill.

In any event, the thickness of the dry wall of the concrete may be at least 10 mm. Cracks should be carefully repaired; splinters during further use will lead to corrosion of the reinforcement and the destruction of concrete is important in the presence of groundwater. For reinforced concrete supports, the presence of more than 6 ring cracks per linear meter with a width of up to 0.2 mm is allowed.

It is important to note that the strength of the reinforced concrete supports along and across the line leads to increased crack formation, since after a large support the risk of overstrain increases. It is also important to place the support correctly.

Poor filling and compaction of the pit will reduce the tilt of the support, and it may become damaged. Therefore, first and second time after being put into operation, it is especially important to carefully inspect the supports and promptly carry out their corrections.

Mechanical damage to reinforced concrete supports can occur due to improper organization of installation and maintenance work, as well as during accidental collisions of transport vehicles.

The main part of the wooden supports is. The process of wood decay is most intense at a temperature of about +20 ° C, wood moisture content is 25 - 30% and there is sufficient access to acid. The places that move most quickly are the attachments on the surface of the ground, the stands in the end part and in the places of articulation with the pasinka and the traverse.

The main way to combat tree infections is to infiltrate the support material with antiseptics. During maintenance of damaged power transmission lines, the stage of wood rotting of support parts is periodically monitored. In this case, the place of rotting is determined and the depth of expansion of the rot is determined.

In dry or frosty weather, tap the support to prevent rotting of the core. A clear, clinking sound characterizes healthy wood, while a dull sound indicates evidence of decay.

To check the rotting of the attachments, dig them to a depth of 0.5 m. The size of the rotting is calculated in the most vulnerable places - at a depth of 0.2 - 0.3 m below and level with the ground. Curing is carried out by perforating the wooden support with fixing as much as possible. The support is considered healthy, if the puncture of the first balls requires a report of zusilla, which exceeds 300 M.

The depth of decay is calculated as the arithmetic mean of three extinctions. The affected plot is not required to exceed 5 cm with a support diameter of 20-25 cm, 6 cm with a diameter of 25-30 cm and 8 cm with a diameter of more than 30 cm.

Depending on the availability of the device, it is possible to use the primary drill bit. In this case, rotting clay is indicated by the appearance of shavings.

In order to accurately monitor the evidence of rotting, the wood parts of the supports are subjected to rotting for the rest of the time. This device works on the principle of fixing the change of ultrasonic chips as they pass through the wood. The indicator has three sectors - green, yellow, red, suitable for the degree of decay, minor and severe decay.

In a healthy tree, the firewood expands almost without extinguishing, and the damaged part is subject to frequent destruction. The backbone is formed from a viprominuvacha and a hook that presses against the controlled tree from the proximal side. In addition to the help of the origin of decay, you can orientally identify the camp of the tree, the zokrem, to praise the decision about going up to the support for the vykonannya robot.

Upon completion of the control, if the tree has opened, it is closed with an antiseptic.

On submarines with wooden supports, if there is no rotting, the supports in the air flow may burn due to obstructions and defects in the insulators.

Checking wires and cables

After the guilt of the first ears, the desire to grow on the skin at the mouth grows, which speeds up the process of their further destruction right up to the point.

If the veins are cut above 17% of the undercut, a repair coupling or bandage is installed. The application of the bandage at the place where the veins are cut off goes through a further weaving of the dart, in which case the mechanical value is not restored.

The repair coupling will ensure the value of up to 90% of the value of a whole shot. For a large number of broken wires, push through until the connection is installed.

Standardize the distance between wires, as well as between wires and ground, wires and other devices and objects located in the submarine route area. Thus, the distance from the wires to the ground for a 10 kV submarine may be 6 m (for critically accessible areas - 5 m), to the highway road surface - 7 m, to the communication and alarm wiring - 2 m.

Measurements of dimensions are carried out during initial testing, as well as during operation when new fringes and spores appear, when replacing supports, insulators and fittings.

An important characteristic that allows you to control the change is the sag of the dart. Under the sag line, make sure to stand vertically from the lowest point of the sag line, extending to a straight line, which is equal to the height of the sag line.

To vary the dimensions, geodetic cutting tools, for example, a theodolite and rods, are used. The robot may be subject to stress (insulating rods are used) or the voltage will be released.

When working with a rod, one of the electricians touches the end of the rod with the end of the rod, the other measures the stand to the rod. Checking the sag of the arrow may result in a misalignment. For this purpose, slats are secured to two separate supports.

Be careful to be on one of the supports in such a position that the slats are aligned with each other, and the other slats are moved along the support until the lowest point of sagging is not in a straight line, so that it connects the wrong side of the line slats.

The sag is determined as the arithmetic mean of the distance from the point of suspension of the wires to the skin strip. The dimensions of the submarine are likely to satisfy the PUE. The actual boom sag should not vary from the design by more than 5%.

In case of death, the pre-Chill temperature is determined. The actual values ​​of the vimirs are adjusted to the data at a temperature that will ensure the maximum sag values ​​using special tables. It is not recommended to change the dimensions when the wind is above 8 m/s.

Inspection of insulators

Analysis of the work of high-voltage power lines shows that Almost 30% of the damage to submarines is associated with insulators. The reasons for getting out of order are different. It is quite common for insulators to shut down during a thunderstorm due to the loss of electrical power of many elements of the garland, with moving mechanical forces through ice and the dance of wires. Prevent the process of congestion of insulators from the filth of the weather. If it is over-crit, it may cause damage and damage to the insulators.

During operation, it is often necessary to avoid the appearance of ring cracks on insulators due to improper installation and temperature overvoltage due to direct changes in temperature.

Upon closer inspection, the quality of the frame is checked, the presence of cracks, chips, wear and tear. Insulators are found to be defective, as cracks occupy 25% of the surface, the glaze is melted and scorched, and the surface is not contaminated.

To monitor the quality of insulators, simple and reliable methods have been developed.

The simplest method for identifying a broken insulator is checking the presence of tension on the skin element of the garland. A rod is installed with a length of 2.5 - 3 m with a metal tip near the fork. During the hour of checking, the caps of one insulator and the other of the vessel are pulled together with one end of the fork. If the end of the fork is brought out of the cap, the spark does not occur - the breakdown insulator. To this end, robots are allowed specially as electrical engineers.

The most accurate method is voltage drop across the insulator. At the end of the insulating rod there is a spark gap with an air gap that is adjustable. By placing a plug on the metal caps of the insulators, a discharge is achieved. The size of the gap indicates the breakdown voltage value. The presence of a breakdown indicates a malfunction of the insulator.

On the surface with the collected voltage, to control the strength of the insulators, measure the insulation support with a megohmmeter with a voltage of 2500 V. The support of the skin insulator is not faulty but less than 300 MOhm.

To fasten wires and insulators, the fittings are used in a variety of ways: brackets, earrings, lugs, rocker arms, etc. The main reason for deterioration of fittings is corrosion. Due to the presence of aggressive components in the atmosphere, the corrosion process will accelerate. The reinforcement can also collapse on the alloy shell if the insulator string is overcooked.

Its proper quilting allows you to increase the service life of submarine supports (LEP) and reduce costs for repair work

Advantages when contracting with us:

1. Prompt visit to the object;
2. Nadannya zvitu u sistlyi termin (2-4 days);
3. Diagnostics of the flow mill structure - providing recommendations to improve service life.

12 river evidence of work and guarantee of quality

The cladding of the supports of high-voltage lines (hereinafter referred to as PL) and their elements is carried out by the deputy (the authority of the PL) of self-thrusting or, under a contract with him, by specialized, design and scientific research organizations. Reinforcement is carried out throughout the entire submarine (or its surrounding elements) or selectively in accordance with the most appropriate regulatory documents that facilitate technical refurbishment, reconstruction and modernization.

1. The technical refurbishment includes approaches to advance the technical and economic level of submarines, which will be produced on the basis of advanced technology and technology, replacing outdated and physically worn structures and having new ones, Let’s get more thorough. Technical refurbishment is completed, as a rule, at the boundaries of the protection zone of the active submarine.

   Before the technical refurbishment of the submarine, the following must be announced:

   • extension of the line and strengthening of the structure of new and higher voltage class in connection with physical and moral old submarines or the need for increased capacity ;
   • transfer of higher voltage lines (not transferring the project) to increase capacity;
   • replacing the overhead cable line (section) by increasing reliability or reducing the influx to the dovkilla;
   • suspension of other lances or additional wires near the phase using a method of increasing capacity;
   • suspension of lightning-resistant cables on heavy-duty supports;
   • the complete replacement of wires and lightning-resistant cables with new ones of larger cross-section in order to increase the capacity of the submarine, the reliability of the wires and cables;
   • equipping submarine plots with devices to protect against the influx of the electric field to ensure safe maintenance of submarines on the plots of the crossbar with submarines 330-1150 kV;
   • Possession of supports with protection devices against birds with the method of safety was able to effectively protect the excess fluid and increase the reliability of the submarine.
   • device, a fiber-optic line connection (FOL), which passes near the submarine zone.

2. Reconstruction of a submarine is called its refurbishment or the introduction of significant changes before its structural modification.

   Before the reconstruction of the submarine it is necessary to:

   • It is advisable to replace defective (faulty) supports with new ones (of the same material, of a different type) on submarine plots for a minimum of 15% of the submarine's life, or for a minimum of replacement supports of up to 30% of installations on the submarine with the method of increasing the reliability of the submarine;
   • the support of supports in the submarine passages or the replacement of supports with larger ones to increase the reliability of the submarine will bring the characteristics up to the current regulatory requirements that apply to PUE, PTE, as well as the appearance of other regional maps and physical calls ours is a vantage.

3. Modernization of submarines is called an approach to improve their technical and economic performance, improve the intelligence of operation, improve reliability and safety of maintenance for replacement or design changes. and possession, as well as improvement of several components and elements.

   Before modernization of the submarine, the following must be done:

   • strengthening the supports (without replacing them) by installing wind joints, crossbars, replacing other elements with more valuable ones, thereby bringing the characteristics of the submarine up to the current standard, and in line with the actual requirements;
   • replacement of a defective dart (lightning cable) with a new one of the same or another brand on submarine sections with their extension of no more than 15% of the submarine's total length in order to increase the reliability of the submarine;
   • replacement of insulators with more reliable ones (with the same or increased number of insulators), suspension of additional insulators or replacement of normal insulators with non-conductive insulators on submarine plots with the method of increasing reliability;
   • replacement of spacers and other linear fittings with new, more reliable types on submarine extensions to increase the reliability of the submarine.

Carrying out the fastening of the supports does not require the Deputy to spend any special expenses either on time or at a cost, but it is essential to save expenses on servicing the submarine and eliminating the consequences of accidents.

TOV “PIVNZACS NVC Arkhimet” Tekhnichna Documentary, in the Yakiy Vidnotkovs of the main element of the Elemente, the foundation of the PID SHODELLENT Until the main project of the main project, the permissiveness of the pinkishness of the roseman of the Volz. It also outlines the options for possible technical solutions aimed at optimizing the Deputy’s expenditures from the location of the fiber optic plant.

In order to identify malfunctions earlier that pose a threat to the normal operation of the submarine, as well as to prevent the development of malfunctions, the affected lines are systematically inspected by electrical equipment and engineering and technical personnel. Looks happen periodically and day by day, looks from the ground and so-called top views. Inspections are carried out on the pistons, as well as on various transport vehicles, including airplanes and helicopters.

At what time and how often is it necessary to carry out inspections?

Periodic inspections of the submarine are carried out according to a schedule approved by the State of Spozhivach. The terms of periodic surveys of the current lines lie in the local minds, the recognition of DP, the likelihood of deterioration, and also the development of an excessive middle state (the stage of obstruction, the middle stage, etc.). According to TKP 181-2009, the frequency of skin examinations throughout the entire month of May is no less than once per river. In addition, at least once a river, administrative and technical personnel are required to carry out spot inspections of the entire line plots, including all submarine plots, which support repairs according to the confirmed schedule.

Day-by-day inspections of submarines and their plots are carried out when there is ice on the wires and cables, during the “dance of wires”, before the ice flows and the river floods, in case of fires near the submarine route area, after strong storms, hurricanes and other elements them dashingly, and also after disconnection PL relay protection against unsuccessful automatic restart, and after successful restart - if necessary.

Inspecting the submarines that are vibrating from the ground does not allow you to detect faults in the upper part of the wind lines, so it is necessary to periodically carry out additional inspections. Horse inspection with vibration testing of wires and cables at clamps and distance spreaders on submarines with a voltage of 35 kV and more, which are operated by 20 rocks or more, or on their plots and submarines, o pass through areas of intense congestion, as well as through open areas, the duty must be carried out no less than 1 time per 5 days; on other submarines (dilyankas) with a voltage of 35 kV and higher - no more than 1 time per 10 years. On the 0.38–20 kV substation upstream, it is responsible for the consumption.

Malyunok. Verkhovі look around the submarine

For top-level inspections, unmanned flying vehicles (UAVs) begin to stall. During the hour of quilting the plots of the LEP, in critically accessible places, quilting on the ground can last for several days and a week. The coverage for an additional UAV changes from an hour to a few years. UAVs can be used for routine surveillance of submarines, surveillance and photography from different heights, inspection of submarines and security zones, detection of defects and damage, cartographic work - creation of plans, trivial models of locality and LE P, the support works with the daily life and reconstruction of the submarine. This method of quilting the submarine is safe for people and allows for the most complete quilting of the submarine along its entire length from different angles. The photographs taken away show a high degree of separation.

What do people grow in respect for during the hour of inspection?

When periodically inspecting the submarine, it is necessary to check:

When conducting a step-by-step inspection after turning on the submarine or successfully re-enabling the submarine, the main consideration is to explain the reasons for the disconnection or the appearance of the ground and the designated place and duty of damage. In this case, it is necessary to carefully look at the place where the overhead line crossbar is connected, with other submarines and connection lines to detect traces of melting on them.

Look, as a rule, spend time in the light during the day, if it is easier to reveal obvious problems and defects. In the dark, you should carry out several types of day-by-day inspections directly to identify crowning, unsafe insulation, or burning of wooden supports in severe weather (drift rain, gloom, fog, wet snowfall) in the area kah submarines, strong to intense obstruction, and for control reliability of fences on transition supports.

Malfunctions revealed during the inspection of the submarine are indicated in the operational documentation (magazines or records of defects) and depend on their nature under the order of the representative for the electrical state of Spozhivach placed in the shortest possible time or during technical maintenance and repairs.