Opіr mіdnogo drotu. Where to store the conductor support The conductor support during the cut

If a cable cut is carried out, then in a private home or in an apartment, to determine the value, two indicators are used: the tightness of the edge and the strength of the wire to be diluted. The opera does not play any role. All on the right at the small birthday party. And since the life of the power lines is high, it is impossible to do without the importance of this indicator. For example, at the beginning of the plot the voltage will be 220-2240 volts, and at the end it will be reduced to 200-220 volts. Since copper cables and wires are increasingly being damaged in the wiring, our task in this article is to look at the support of the copper wire (the table of wire support will be attached below).

What does opera zagalom give us? In principle, this can be used to determine the parameters of the wire or the material used in its production. For example, if a power transmission line is laid using a different method, then knowing the operation of the line, you can say exactly what kind of work it is. Even so, laying is often carried out underground and in a non-linear way. Or another option, knowing the end of the plot and the support, you can adjust the diameter of the twisted cable, and through a new and yogo strut. Plus, knowing this value, you can determine the material from which the preparation is carried out. All this talk about those that are not worth throwing away from Rakhunkiv this show.

All the electrical wiring was involved, but if there are electronics on the right, then in this galuz you cannot do without significant support and other parameters. In some situations, this parameter can play a major role, and incorrect selection of the base for the support can lead to the fact that the device that connects to such a conductor is simply not practical. For example, if you connect a very thin wire to the computer's power supply unit. The voltage in such a conductor will be low, not too much, but it will not work properly, so that the computer will not work correctly.

Where to lay the foundation

Since we are talking about honeydew, then the first thing to do is to store this physical parameter, copper, like a raw material. The other is the size of the conductor, or, more precisely, its diameter and crossbar (both values are related to each other by the formula).

Of course, there are additional physical quantities that flow onto the conductor support. For example, the temperature is dovkilla. It is also clear that with an increased temperature the strength of its core increases. The fragments of this indicator are located at the gateway due to the strength (thickness) of the struma, apparently the struma when the support is moved, however, decreases. It is true that there is a shortage of these metals, which are responsible for the positive temperature coefficient. For the butt, you can use a tungsten alloy, which is used for the filament of a light bulb. Such a material does not suffer from changes in strength (hardness) when heated at high temperatures, since this metal has a negative temperature coefficient.

Rozrahunok support

Today everything is divided up for the people. And with such a simple structure, you can create it in a number of ways. It’s simple, foldable. Let's put it simply.

The first option is tabular. Why is it simple? For example, the table is on the bottom page.

Here everything is clearly shown and interconnected. Knowing the size of a copper horn, you can determine its support and the strength of the stream through which the wire can flow. Or, however, while obvious indicators indicate the support and strength (thickness) of the struma, which, before speaking, can be determined with a multimeter, you can easily determine the crossbar and the diameter of the conductor. This option is the most convenient; tables can be found with free access on the Internet.

Another way to figure this out is to use a calculator (online). There are no such Internet devices and it is easy and manual to use them. You can insert the physical values of the copper conductor into such a calculator and remove the measurements, etc. It’s true that the majority of such calculators have one standard value in their program – a chain of osmosis, which is higher than 0.0172 Ohm mm²/m.

And the easiest option for degreasing is to do it with your own hands using the formula. Vaughn axis: R=pl/S, de:

p – this is the same pet opir midi;
l – dozhina of a copper draught;
S – yogo peretin.

I would like to point out that copper is one of the lowest supports. The lowest price was 0.016.

The conductor overcut can be calculated using the formula, where the main parameter is the diameter. And the axis diameter can be calculated in a variety of ways, before speaking, this article is on our website, you can read and find reliable information again.

Visnovok about the topic

Let’s put a lid on everything that has been said. Of course, no one can rely on the electrical wiring of a copper cable in their home or apartment. If on the right there is a problem with the laying of exposed or underground power lines, for example, from the substation to the country house, then this line will have to be properly repaired. Even though you are at fault for the voltage at the edge of the alarm system. And the axis of expansion of the parameters of the cables that are laid can be done in a variety of ways, where showing the support of the copper drill (the table is attached) is one of the main ones.

Be it a body through which the electric current flows, it gives you a song of song. The power of the conductor material to change the passage through a new electrical current is called an electrical support.

The larger the support of the conductor, the more difficult it is for the electric current to pass through, and, however, the smaller the support of the conductor, the easier it is for the electric current to pass through this conductor.

The basis of various conductors must be stored in the material from which it was prepared. To characterize the electrical support of different materials, the concept of the so-called power support has been introduced.

A feeder support is called a conductor support with a length of 1 m and a cross-sectional area of 1 mm2. Pitoma opir is designated by the letter p (ro) of the Greek alphabet. The leather material from which the conductor is made is used by your pet.

For example, if the average conductor is 0.0175, then a copper conductor with a length of 1 m and a crossbar of 1 mm2 is 0.0175 ohm. Pitomy op_r_aluminium is 0.029, pitomy opіr zaliz - 0.135, pitomy opіr constantanu - 0.48, pitomy opіr nichrome - 1-1.1.

The conductor support is directly proportional to its value, so the larger the conductor, the greater its electrical support.

The support of the conductor is wrapped proportionally flatter than its cross section, so that with a thin conductor, its support is smaller, and, incidentally, with a thinner conductor, its support is larger.

The conductor support can be calculated using the following formula:

de r - Opir of the conductor in (Ohm); ρ - pitomy opir conductor (Ohm * m); l - Dovzhina conductor in (m); S - conductor overcut (mm2).

Butt: Calculate the support of 200 m of copper beam with a girder of 1.5 mm2.

Butt: Calculate the support of 200 m of copper beam with a girder of 2.5 mm2.

Isolation

Insulation in electrical engineering is a design element of a device that passes through a new electrical circuit, for example, to protect people.

For insulation, use materials with dielectric power: glass, ceramics, polymers, mica. Also, the insulation is restored, in which the role of the insulator is played by the wind, and the structural elements fix the spacious configuration of the conductors, which are insulated so as to ensure the necessary windy gaps.

Insulating coatings can be prepared:

with electrical insulating gum;
from polyethylene;
Made from sewn and spun polyethylene;
from organosilicon gum;
from polyvinyl chloride plastic compound (PVC);
from a leaked cable paper;
with polytetrafluoroethylene.

Humic isolation

Humic insulation can only be sealed with a humic hose casing (such as such). Since gum from natural rubber is expensive to extract, almost all the gum that ends up in the cable industry is piecemeal. Add to rubber:

vulcanizing resins (elements that allow the transformation of linear bonds into rubber in the vicinity of the bond in insulation, for example, syrup);
quick vulcanization (reduce waste time);
recall (reduce the price of the material without a corresponding reduction in technical characteristics);
pom'yakshuvachi (to promote plastic power);
Antioxidants (added to membranes to ensure resistance to solar radiation);
barnberries (for giving the required color).

Guma allows you to assign a large radius to the cable components, which, with a rich vein, are stuck in conductors for dry connection (cables of the KG, KGESH, etc. RPS brands).
Specialization: zastosivaetsya at zagalnopromislovyh cables for the loose attachment of companions.

Positive power:

cheapness of piece rubber;
garna bunkness;
high electrical insulation characteristics (6 times higher than PVC plastic);
practically does not absorb water vapor from the wind.

Negative hazards:

reduction of electrical support at times of temperature increase to +80°C;
the complexity of solar radiation (light oxidation) with the onset of characteristic cracking of the surface sphere (excluding the membrane);
it is necessary to introduce special compounds into the warehouse to maintain chemical resistance;
The mountain is expanding.

Destruction of dart supports. Online calculator.
The position of the support depends on the material of the conductor, length, diameter and cross-section. Rozhrakhanok flatly across the darts carefully due to the pressure of application.

At first glance, you might think that this article is from the ruble “Note for the electrician.”
On the one hand, and on the other hand, we, advanced electronics engineers, also need to open the support of the winding of the inductance coil, or a self-contained nichrome resistor, and what the hell is there - an acoustic cable for high-voltage Basic sound production equipment.

The formula here is quite simple R = p*l/S, where l and S are the corresponding length and area of the conductor cut, and p is the basis of the material, so you can carry out the calculations yourself, using a calculator and an A minor thought, All collected data is required bring to the SI system.

Well, for normal guys who wanted to save their time and not get stressed out through frivolities, here is a simple table.

TABLE FOR ROZRAHUNKU SUPPORT OF CONDUCTOR

The side turned out to be lonely, so I’ll put a table here for those who want to connect their time with the laying of electrical wiring, connect more tightly to the energy supply, or just marvel at the eyes of the electrician Vasilevi and, “wetting from the cauldron” will put and fair food: “Why, lord? Maybe Was it time for me to get some squares of acid-free honey for two light bulbs and a refrigerator?

And where we are going with you, it is definitely not clear and, however, it does not correspond to popular wisdom, which is to say that “the area required to cut the wire is equal to the maximum line, divided by 10,” but in the end This corresponds to the regulatory documents of the Ministry of Energy of Russia regarding the rules for the installation of electrical installations.
The rules are to ignore darts with a mesh size of less than 1.5 mm2. I will ignore them and I, and for the company and aluminum, due to their screaming archaism.
Otje.

Electrical support and conductivity

ROZRAKHUNOK AREA OF THE LIST OF WIRINGS AT THE LAYOUT TYPE OF TIGHTNESS NAVANTAGEN

Spend on the conductors through the non-zero values of their support, which is to be deposited before the end of the day.
The significance of the intensity of these expenses, which appears from the appearance of heat in the extra space, is shown in the table.
In the bag, before the energy returns to the other end, the tension is reduced by a small, trimmed-down appearance - less than that of the dzherel. The table shows that, with a voltage at the edge of 220 V and a 100-meter long beam, with a crossbar of 1.5 mm2, the voltage at the edge, which is 4 kW, will appear not 220, but 199 V.
Good or bad?
For any adjustments - by any means, to work, but for reduced effort, and to knock and send you to the edge of the hairdryer along with your long-term farewells and reasonable tables.
That's why the Ministry of Energy is the Ministry of Energy, and the power of the head cannot be harmed for the poor conditions. As the situation develops like this, there is a direct path to choosing wires that have a larger cut.

The strength of the current on the conductor is directly proportional to the voltage on the conductor.

Support the dart.

This means that as the voltage increases, the force of the stream increases. However, with a new voltage, or if there is a change in different conductors, the power flow is different. You can say it another way. If you increase the tension, then you want the force to flow and increase, but in a different way, depending on the power of the conductor.

The strength of the current from the voltage of this particular conductor and the operating conductor. It is indicated by the formula R = U/I. Then the support is defined as the ratio of the voltage to the strength of the stream. The greater the strength of the current to the conductor when the voltage is given, the less support there is. The greater the voltage when giving force to the stream, the greater the support of the conductor.

The formula can be rewritten according to the applied force: I = U/R (Ohm’s law). In this case, the greater the support, the less force there is.

We can boldly say that it is important to create a great force in the flow.

The principle itself is based on the characteristics of the conductor. It should not lie under the voltage applied to it. If a large voltage is applied, the force of the flow will change, but the U/I ratio will not change, and the support will not change.

Where should the conductor rely? It's time to lie down

Celebrate the conductor,
area of the second transverse section,
speeches for the conductor's preparations,
temperature

In order to connect the speech of this opera, we introduce the concept of a petty opera of the speech. It shows what kind of support this channel will have, which conductor will have a length of 1 m and a cross section area of 1 m2. Conductors of such life and community, prepared from different words, form different supports. This is due to the fact that the skin metal (most often the stench itself is conductors) has its own crystalline deposits, its own number of strong electrons.

What is the smaller pitomy of the opera of speech, this is the shortest conductor of the electrical stream e. Small pets use, for example, silver, copper, aluminum; significantly more for liz, tungsten; even greater for different alloys.

The more advanced the conductor, the greater the support. It is clear that it is important to remember that the flow of electrons from metals is influenced by ions, which form a crystalline lattice. The more of them, and the longer the conductor, the greater the chance for the electron to improve its performance.

However, an increase in the area of the transverse cut would create a wider road. It is easier for electrons to flow and not to stick around the nodes of crystalline gates. Because everyone is a guide, there is less support.

Thus, the supports are directly proportional to the feeder support (ρ) and the bottom (l) of the conductor and will be proportional to the area (S) of the cross section. Let's remove the support formula:

This formula would ensure that the support of the conductor does not depend on the temperature. Prote pets operate at a variable temperature (calculate 20 °C). That's why the temperature is wrong. To calculate pet support, take it from a special table.

For metal conductors, the higher the temperature, the higher the resistance. Therefore, with increased temperatures, they begin to fluctuate more strongly and affect the flow of electrons more. However, in electrolytes (types where the charge is carried by ions, not electrons), the support temperature changes with changes. This is due to the fact that the higher the temperature, the greater the likelihood of dissociation with ions, and the smells are more likely to collapse.

A stream flows in the conductive material proportional to the voltage on the new one. Tobto. With increased potential, the number of electrons that flow also increases. True, when different elements are frozen, the same voltage gives a different value to the flow. Thus, the rule is: when the voltage increases, the electric flow that passes through the conductor will also increase, but not equally, but depending on the characteristics of the element.

Values of resistive storage

The power supply to the material is based on the relationship between the amount of fluid that is flowing and the amount of voltage applied. For a specific skin element, this has its own relationship. To indicate a physical quantity, use the letter R. With this value, use the formula for Ohm’s law for the Lanzug plot:

From the presented diagram it is clear that the resistive storage is based on placing the potential on the conductor to the strength of the current on the new one. Thus, the greater the size of the stream, the weaker the resistive storage at the conductor, and with greater voltage - greater.

Additional information. It often seems in everyday life that the resistive value “imports” the voltage to endlessly increase the force of the flow.

Any resistor that is produced by industrial minds has about ten parameters, so it is necessary to pay attention when choosing. The main parameter is op. This is a static characteristic of any conductor, given for its production. Tobto. When a higher potential is applied to the conductive element, only the strings that pass through another resistive warehouse will change. Tobto. The U/I relationship becomes permanent.

Where to lay the foundation

It is necessary to consider what factors lie in the electrical support of the conductor. Main parameters:

Dovzhina cable – l;
The cross-cut area of the wire element is S;
Metal, vikoristaniy u vyrobnitstvі cable;
Dovkille temperature – t.

Important! The pitomy of the details is a concept that is used by physicists, which shows the construction of the element and the conduction of electricity.

For the pressing of parts and resistive storage, physical science has introduced the concept of a fed support. This indicator characterizes the value of a resistive warehouse cable with a single length of 1 meter and a single area of 1 m². Details of the specified length and strength, formed from different materials, show different resistive values. This is due to the physical powers of metals. They themselves mainly produce darts and cables. The skin metal material has its own size of elements in the crystal lattice.

The most dangerously conductive electrical parts are those with the lowest resistive storage values. The stock of metals with a small indicated value is aluminum and copper. The large number of wires and cables for transmitting electrical energy are made from them. They are also used to produce buses at transformer substations and head switchboards of any type. The butt of metals that can support large amounts of support can be used in alloys and alloys. Most often, a resistive storage element is designated as a resistor.

With an increase in the strength of the conductive material, the support of the metal conductor increases. This is due to physical processes such as the passage of an electrical current. Their essence is this: electrons collapse along a conductive ball, in which there are ions, from which a crystalline lattice of any metal is formed. The greater the life of the conductor, the greater the number of electrons that influence the flow, the presence of ions in the crystalline lattice. Tim more than stinks create pereshkodi shodo electricians.

To increase the length of the conductor, the fabricators increase the area of the materials. This allows the expansion of the “freeway” for the electric train. Tobto. Electronics fray less with metal parts. The connection is noticeable because a thicker cable has less support.

In this regard, the formula for the main support of the conductor is expressed through its length (l), the area of the transverse section (S) and the feedable support to the metal (ρ):

When this parameter is selected, the virus has a daily core temperature. However, the resistive value of the element changes when the temperature is reached. Make sure to set the temperature to 20-25 °C. Therefore, it is impossible to avoid the temperature of too much fluid when choosing a part. This can lead to overheating of the conductor and ignition. To select vicoristics, use special tables, the values of which vicoristics are used in calculations.

The increase in temperature leads to an increase in the resistive storage metal element. From a physical point of view, this is due to the fact that when the temperature of the crystalline orbits increases, they become calm and begin to vibrate. This process enhances electrons, because things between them emerge more often.

Selecting a conductor is a simple process that is best left to professionals. If all factors are incorrectly assessed, parts can be rejected without any negative consequences, even until the end. Therefore, it is clear that the conductor's support may lie, which may be present.

Video

Zmist:

During the design of electrical lines in apartments and private buildings, the cutting of wires and cables must be carefully considered. To carry out calculations, indicators such as the significance of the exertion and the strength of the stream that we pass along the edges are used. Operations are not insured through short cable lines. However, this indicator is necessary during the Great Dove of LEP and voltage drops in different plots. Of particular importance is the copper dart operation. Such units are increasingly being used in current situations, which is why their physical authorities are obliged to be bound by the hour of design.

I understand the importance of the support

Electrical materials are widely used and insured in electrical engineering. This value allows you to set the basic parameters of wires and cables, especially when using a custom method of laying them. The exact amount of the laid line and the material used to carry out the drilling are installed in the first drawer. Having calculated the initial data, the entire cable may be damaged.

Based on the original electrical wiring, the electronic parameters are supported to the utmost importance. It is seen and presented simultaneously with other indicators present in electronic circuits. In these situations, incorrect selection of operating principles can result in malfunctions in all elements of the system. This may be the case if you need to use a very thin rod to connect to the computer’s life block. There will be a slight decrease in voltage on the conductor, which will cause the computer to operate incorrectly.

The main thing is to rely on rich officials, and first of all, on the physical authorities of the material itself. In addition, the diameter or cross-section of the conductor is taken into account, which is determined using a formula or a special table.

Table

A small amount of additional physical quantities is poured onto the support of the copper conductor. We're about to get too hot of a temperature. Everyone knows that when the temperature of the conductor increases, its support is prevented from growing. At the same time, there is a decrease in the strength of the struma through the proportional distribution of both quantities. We are concerned about metals with a positive temperature coefficient. The butt of the negative coefficient is a tungsten alloy that is resistant to frying lamps. In this alloy, the strength of the flow does not decrease due to even high heating.

How to open the opera

There are a number of ways to support the honeycomb. In the simplest way, a tabular version is presented where mutual parameters are indicated. In addition to the support, the strength of the strum, the diameter and the cross-section are determined.

In another case, there are different types of vicorism. In the skin from them, a set of physical values is inserted, which helps to obtain more accurate results. Most similar calculators have a vicor value of 0.0172 Ohm*mm 2 /m. In some cases, such averaged values can affect the accuracy of calculations.

The most convenient option is to use manual calculations using the following formula: R = p x L/S, in which p is the supply of the medium, L is the dove of the conductor and S is the cut of the conductor. It is important to note that the table indicates that the operation of the copper fraction is one of the lowest. Lower values have less weight.

When designing electrical circuits, it is important to choose the right material and cut the wires. Most often, copper is used for these purposes, which has less support.

What is the basis for metal?

The electric stream is the straightening of the charged particles. Metals have valuable electrons. The stench crashes between the atoms of the crystalline rocks. The support of this arm lies in the metal or alloy, as well as its temperature - when the support is moved, the strength of the electric flow increases.

It is necessary to create special alloys so that they can be used in world-class devices. Resistors are prepared from them so that they do not change their parameters when the temperature changes. In addition, to connect thermocouples, two wires are drawn together, the resistance of one increases at elevated temperatures, and the other changes. As a result, the cable parameters will not be changed.

Pitomy of various metals

There were massacres between different authorities and conflicts for different purposes.

Copper and aluminum

The widest wires are copper and aluminum. The copper has a lower electrical support, lower support of an aluminum core, and the cables from it have a smaller cut. This is important because it allows you to make the cable thinner, as well as thicker and thicker. In addition, copper is soldered with tin solders.

All aluminum has one advantage: it is much cheaper. Therefore, vikorysts are used for winding transformers and laying wiring, during operation of any daily devices, flow and vibration.

Other metals

Gold. There is a small electric operator, and through this price only people in the surrounding areas have military and space technology;
Sriblo. It has a better price/hardness, lower gold, and also stagnant, mainly for the preparation of contacts and sockets - it does not oxidize;
Nichrome (an alloy of nickel and chromium) and fechral (alloy, chromium and aluminum). The melting temperature is high. The support of non-chrome and non-chrome darts is great for the preparation of heating and dart supports;
Tungsten. The temperature is very high and very refractory – 3422 degrees. Then the threads are roasted in light bulbs;
Kostyantan. An alloy of copper, nickel and manganese, which does not change its properties when temperature changes. The preparation of resistors in vicinity devices is stagnant;
Compensation. Cables are prepared from these alloys for connecting thermocouples and other sensors. With increased temperature, the electrical power of one conductor increases, and the other one changes. Through war, hidden meanings are lost to those that remain unchanged.

Tsikavo. In the 50th century, transformers were designed for high-voltage substations with copper windings. It was obvious that costs would be reduced. However, due to the increase in the price of wood on the light market, the project was not implemented.

Select cable cutting

When the wire is cut open, the heating and voltage drop in the cables of the Great Dougne are avoided. Vikonati rozrakhunok support dart can be obtained from special tables or from additional online calculators.

Peretin, insurance coverage for expenses may be greater or less for insurance coverage for heating. This should be stored under the cable. For routing, select a larger value.

Select conductor cut for permissible heating

When an electrical current passes through a cable, it heats up. This heating can melt the insulation, causing it to break or short circuit the wires between each other or to a grounded part of the structure.

Important! Ruinuvannya insulation and K.Z. (short flashing) can lead to fire.

In order to avoid such situations, the cable crossover must be subject to stress, such as insulation and gaskets. Through wires laid openly, or with heat-resistant insulation, a larger flow can be passed, lower through a cable laid with pipes in vinyl or humic sheathing.

Vibrate overcut due to voltage loss

When an electrical current is passed through the cable, there is a change in the voltage due to the voltage. This is due to the fact that, even if the load is small and the stress drop is small, at the end of the day it can reach a significant value.

For example, the pitomy of copper dart is 0.017 Ohm mm²/m. Ale in a single-core cable with a length of 100 m and a span of 10 mm - 0.17 Ohm. With a current of 80A (permissible heating), the voltage drop in the 220V range is 27V (100 m of phase wire and 100 m of neutral wire with 13V drop in the skin conductor). Therefore, with an allowable voltage drop of 2% or 5V, the cable crossbar should be no less than 66 mm², or the closest standard value – 75 mm².

If the expansion of the heating cut is carried out at the same working stream of the electric motor and the section from the input machine to the device, then the expansion of the waste must be carried out along the starting stream with all the cables in order: from the master or to the electrical machine.

The copper base is the value that is used to select cables and wires for winding coils when designing electrical circuits, and winding electric motors and transformers. Knowing how the conductor support is designed and the necessary formulas will help to correctly design electrical wiring and avoid emergency situations.