Processing onions before autumn planting. How to process onion sets before planting. Preparation of planting material
For a good harvest of onions, many gardeners as planting material use sevok, grown from seed. Simple preparation and processing before planting will help to get friendly shoots and create protection of the culture against pests or diseases. The measures taken will also affect the process of vegetation and the formation of the head.
Perennial root vegetables. In dry and hot weather, most sleeping buds die. Best time for rooting, which does not allow rooting the root and the formation of new organs for vegetative reproduction, occurs in the first 2-3 weeks after opening the shoots from root cuttings.
Methods for preplant cutting onions
Agrotechnical measures to reduce feed production: proper crop rotation, differentiated and high-quality basic and pre-sowing treatment of the soil, planting in the most biologically favorable terms. In the mountainous and some Polish regions, potato areas are included in the crop rotation in Poland, and in the immediate vicinity of the main centers of consumption - in vegetables. After these precursors, treatment or chemical control can be carried out against annual and perennial weeds.
Before planting and seeding in open ground, seeds onions you need to prepare in a special way - disinfect or pickle, trim the tip, process phytosporin from the fungus or to reduce arrowhead.
Seasoned gardeners recall the times when they were not even talking about preparing onions for planting. It was believed that the onion - a plant enough unpretentious, does not require special attention. Was bypassed unless the bulkhead to remove damaged onions.
If herbicides are not used, the area is treated in accordance with the prevailing perennial weeds. When mowing is mostly with rootstocks, the main deep plowing is done immediately. If root weeds predominate, shallow plowing is done first, and after new growth - deep plowing. For more effective weed control, deep plowing is done as far as possible and earlier.
For chemical control of perennial weeds, after harvesting the precursor, wait about 3–4 weeks until these weeds do not grow rapidly and are treated with herbicidal glyphosate. In early and medium early potatoes and soils not prone to hermetic treatment against weeds can be performed as follows: after the germination of the potato - the rosette phase, hilling is performed so as to cover the foliage soil. A few days before re-displaying potatoes on the surface of longlines, they are treated with herbicides.
With the current ecology and the vagaries of climate in different regions, it is not worth dreaming that culture will grow by itself.
In addition, each stage of the preparatory process gives the planting material preferential qualities:
- growth promotion;
- destruction of harmful bacteria by disinfection;
- strengthening immunity (resistance to a number of diseases and pests);
- turnip rotting prevention;
- increase resistance to weather disasters.
Lifting a generous onion crop is not only dependent on proper care. The lion's share of success depends on the quality of the set-up preparation for disembarkation.
In late potatoes, the soil that tends to thicken after planting and the start of potato germination is cleaned as described. A few days after germination process with herbicides. During the vegetation, at the beginning of the capture of the raw part, the edges are cut. Later, a second treatment was carried out at the base of the plants. Thus, with the use of two inter-row treatments, most of the weeds that are resistant to some of the herbicides used are destroyed.
Saving up to 50% of two herbicides is obtained for pre-emergence and ultimately vegetative treatment. Potatoes use herbicides with soil and leaves. For its good effect, soil herbicides require well-prepared herbs without soil and soil and good soil moisture.
How to do preseeding treatment of sevka in spring
It is possible to strengthen the immunity of the seed for resistance to pests and diseases. using soaking. There are quite a lot of recipes for presowing procedures, you can easily make and choose a convenient option.
Among the popular components:
- salt;
- potassium permanganate;
- copper sulphate;
- baking soda;
- ammonia;
- birch tar.
The main enemy of the bow is onion fly. To prevent its invasion of the beds will help treatment sevka saline. The same way will save culture from thrips and ticks.
And in the fight against fungal spores has proven itself potassium permanganate. Soaking in a weak solution will help destroy the microorganisms on the planting material, the main thing in time to drain the solution.
For fast growth, various growth promoters are used. Pre-treatment accelerates the germination of shoots for 3-6 days. Among effective means – zircon and humate solutions, Energen.
Correct processing
Planting material begins to prepare for the planting season in the fall.
During its storage, it is necessary to observe temperature conditions and not to allow an increase in the humidity of the air in the room. Good ventilation or regular ventilation. will prevent damage sevka. In the spring, just before planting, the bow undergoes complex processing.
From pests and diseases
Sevok for planting purchased or used your own, grown from the seeds of chernushki. It is impossible to visually determine the presence or absence of fungal spores and other harmful bacteria in it; therefore, it is recommended that decontamination procedure.
There are a lot of drugs and various means capable of coping with this task. Each of them has its advantages and disadvantages, which must be taken into account before use.
Many gardeners use the old proven method of processing planting material - soaked it in a weak solution of potassium permanganate for 20-25 minutes. Another method involves the use of nitrate (2-3 grams), which is diluted in a bucket of warm water.
Improve immunity and get rid of harmful bacteria will help ordinary salt. In a bucket of water, 5-6 tablespoons of salt are diluted, after which the sets are dipped for 4-5 hours. Slightly less concentrated salt water is poured over the soil under the beds for the purpose of disinfection.
Do not abuse the amount of salt or frequent use. It will help protect plants from diseases, but will spoil the soil for a long time. It is recommended to carry out one-time procedures.
Onions will protect against fungal infections drug treatment Phytosporin. In a bucket of water diluted 35 grams. Phytosporine and immersed in liquid prepared heads for 20-30 minutes.
To stimulate growth
To sevok quickly grew and gave good harvest It is recommended to treat it with growth stimulants before disembarking. The most accessible and popular way is to use wood ashrich in potassium and natural antiseptics.
Procedure besides accelerating growth prevents rotting material in the ground. Need to dilute in 5 liters of water 250 grams. ash, then immersed in a solution of the bulb for 10 minutes. Next, for 2-3 hours you need to dry them.
Effectively copes with the task of the drug Epin-Extra. In the heated water to 50 degrees add 1 capsule. Soaking heads is 10-15 minutes. You can also use other tools: Biostim, Silk. The solution is prepared in the proportions indicated in the instructions.
Epin Extra - to stimulate growth
When planting onions in the winter with growth stimulants, the material is not processed.
To reduce arrowhead
Warming up necessary to prevent early arrow formation. Some gardeners carry out the procedure in the sun (at a temperature not lower than 20 degrees).
Others send sevok (in a cardboard box) to the battery, where under the influence of heat no more than 40 degrees planting material is kept for about 10 hours. It is important not to overdo onions and overheat.
If there is no time for warming up, and the landing time has already arrived, you can pour onions of a small hatch with hot water (about 50 degrees) for 15 minutes, after which you must pour cold water. Such express processing will not completely eliminate the release of arrows, but will significantly delay the time of their formation.
When soaking is recommended to immerse the onion in the solution in the grid. On top of it you need to lay out a small weighting agent, so that the sevok does not pop up. It is impossible to use too heavy objects, as they will damage the integrity of the heads, which will spoil the planting material.
Preparation before processing
The preparatory process consists of the following steps:
- sorting of planting material;
- drying;
- warming up;
- soaking and disinfection;
- drying
When sorting, it is important not only to remove the damaged onions, but also to sort the material suitable for planting. in size.
Large turnips are planted first on the beds, after them medium ones are sent to the soil, and the smallest ones germinate the fastest, so their turn is the last.
Planting on the bed sevka approximately the same diameter, is provided uniform development of seedlings and forcing pen. In turn, the roots will be formed of approximately the same size, which is convenient for subsequent storage.
After soaking procedures, it is important to wash the chains in clean water, changing it 2-3 times. Few people mention this fact, and inexperienced gardeners miss this stage.
Do I need to trim the tip of the onion stub before planting
If planting is planned in a small area, then it is reasonable to supplement the process of cutting the bulbs.
For large plantations, this is difficult to cut due to large volumes. Head apex removal accelerates the germination of the shoot and creates favorable conditions for a good growing season.
In addition, the correct pruning makes the soaking procedure more efficient, making it easier for the solution to penetrate between the head flakes. Careful preparation virtually eliminates unpleasant surprises during the cultivation of bulbous culture.
When performing trimming, do not remove too large a fragment of the top. This will cause the planting material to rot, or it will not allow the onion to release greens.
Methods for preplant cutting onions
When growing onions on a feather with large heads 1/3 of the top cut off. This makes it easy to extract the green when it reaches the desired height. If the goal of agrotechnology is to obtain a root crop, then it is worth cutting off only the tail, not hitting the white skin.
Some varieties (for example, Msergey) are cut on both sides: and the top and bottom. This is done to accelerate growth and the rapid formation of the root system. Such a manipulation gives the result literally the next day, when the process of growth of the shoot begins. On the dry bottom, the roots are formed much later.
According to reviews experienced gardeners In any case, there is a reason to remove the woven part of the top. Feathers to break through the dense barrier is quite difficult, it is a factor inhibiting the growing season.
Having weighed all the pros and cons of the preparation of seeding for planting, we can confidently state the fact that these procedures are necessary. The cost of time and money will require a minimum, and the quality of the bulbs and the entire crop increases significantly.
Processing onions before planting will get rid of not only the onion flies and other pests, but also allow you to grow strong juicy onions, the yield of which will surprise you. Most gardeners never soak the seed, considering the occupation a waste of time, because the onions will grow perfectly well. The great experience of summer residents proves the opposite, believe it or not ...
Ways to prepare onions
In order for the vegetable to start to grow and develop quickly after planting on a flower bed, it is necessary to process onions correctly. Purchased sevka necessarily dried, obtained from its own seeds - stored at a temperature of +17 ° ... + 18 ° C and also heated before planting.
Many gardeners make a mistake; they keep large and medium fractions of onion seedlings at low positive temperatures, which is absolutely impossible to do, since after placement on the beds, the plants go far to the arrow. Small osyuzhka (diameter less than 1 cm) usually does not form arrows, so you can store at a lower positive temperature.
In cases where storage conditions are not known, it is necessary to warm the onion sets before planting at a temperature of +30 ° ... + 35 ° C: large onions for 12-15 days, small 8-10. The main purpose of heating the set is to reduce arrowhead plants. If the oatsuzh is heated at +40 ° C for about 7-8 hours before landing, it is possible not only to reduce the marksman by several times, but also to prevent the onion disease by downy mildew.
When there is no possibility of step-by-step processing, use another technique immediately before planting seed in open ground. Soak sevok in hot water (+45 ° ... + 50 ° C) for 10-13 minutes, then immediately lower in the cold at the same time. After submerging for 3-4 hours in a solution with complex mineral fertilizer.
Onion sevok necessarily need to be disinfected to prevent diseases and good growth. Processing onions before planting with potassium permanganate is most common, you will need to dilute 1 g in a liter of water to get the desired solution. Dip oatsuzhku for 20-25 minutes. Or use (3 gr / 1 l) for the same purposes.
onion sets before planting - on photo
In addition, it is recommended to treat onions with various growth stimulants (Biostin, Zircon, Tsitovit), which will make the culture more resistant to various adverse conditions and help to germinate more quickly after planting in place.
Processing onions before planting can be carried out with wood ash, which will help to grow good bulbs, save planting material from various types of rot, make the oatsuy more robust, since natural fertilizer contains a large number of useful chemical elements. In 5 liters of water dissolve 250 grams of ash, lower the onions for 5-7 minutes, remove. Dry in the sun for 2-3 hours, then plant.
The proven “Grandmother’s method” of onion sowing is very popular, because the feedback from gardeners who use this method in practice can be read only positive. What is the secret of success? Within 7 days, the onion is dried at a temperature of +24 ° ... + 25 ° C. After that, it is aged for 3 hours in a solution of salt (1 tbsp per liter), washed, dried and made correct. The bulbs grow strong, do not get sick, almost do not go to the arrow.
We bring in top dressing in the soil for a rich harvest
In addition to all known methods, there are others that allow you to prepare onions in spring for planting just as good. If there was no potassium permanganate and wood ash on hand, take ammonium nitrate (2-3 grams), dilute in a bucket of water, lower the oatsuzh for 15-20 minutes. Water should be taken warm, preferably +40 ° C. This method of treatment allows disinfecting onions.
Treatment with Epin Extra gives its advantages, as it accelerates the growth of the onion root system, strengthens it, and also helps to increase the green mass of plants. One capsule is dissolved in the required amount of water (according to the instructions) and immersed sets for 10-15 minutes. To avoid bowing on the bow, put the oatsuzhka in a saucepan or bucket, pour some water and heat over low heat to a temperature of +55 ° ... + 60 ° C. reach, treat onion with growth-promoting drugs (Silk, Biostin).
processing of onion sting before planting in potassium permanganate - on photo
The simplest and most convenient way to prepare onions for planting is soaking in ordinary water. Sevok kept in hot water (+50 ° C) for 10-15 minutes, without the use of any drugs and fertilizers.
It is very important that one cannot use several preparations, fertilizers, etc. at the same time, as this not only does not make the onion of the sevok strong, but may even be harmful, because the seedlings will have to wait a long time. Choose one convenient method from a variety of options and process the planting material.
The quality of the grown onion depends not only on the pre-sowing treatment - it is a whole complex of agrotechnical measures aimed at achieving a high-quality harvest. not always possible, so the preparation of land in the garden - an integral part of the work. When choosing a place for planting onions, pay attention to the light-loving plants, do not plant vegetables under the trees and in the bushes of berries.
