Apple Aport - cultivation in Kazakhstan. Mysterious and fantastic variety of apple trees aport

One of the most useful and available fruits in our latitudes is an apple. By themselves, the fruits are rich in vitamins, minerals and trace elements that are very necessary for man. Especially a lot of apples contain such an element as iron - very necessary for the process of blood formation in the human body.

Also quite important property of apples is their ability to protect the digestive system. As a result of long-term laboratory studies, it was found that this fruit contains substances that block the formation of tumor cells in the human body and stop their growth, which excludes the development of cancer in the cells of the liver and intestines. In particular, these are antioxidants (flavonoids).

It is erroneous to say that because of the high content of ascorbic acid, these fruits are contraindicated for people with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, an apple on average contains about 11% of the daily intake of vitamin C, and its content in the same orange is 10 times more.

Due to its unique taste and large size, apples of the "aport" variety have become widespread. They were first brought to the territory of the former USSR in the 60s of the last century. The grade shows the best qualities in mountainous territory, in particular in Kazakhstan.

For the first time gives apples after 10 years, which is a long period in comparison with other apples. This species is primarily distinguished by the outstanding size of the fruit. The average weight of an apple is 250 g, but it can reach 1 kg.

Apples of the "aport" variety have cream-colored flesh, which is very soft and juicy in its structure. The taste is sweet, with a slight sourness. Refers to the winter varieties.

"Aport" - with an ancient history. It is not known exactly where the birthplace of this species. However, they are widespread in Kazakhstan. Therefore, apples and got a different name - "aport Alma-Ata". For the first time, apples of the “aport” variety were brought to the territory of the Kazakh Republic back in 1865. Brought them from the immigrant Redko.

Thanks to the kindness that generously shared the cuttings of the tree with its neighbors, soon the apples of the "aport" variety were widely spread and were nicknamed by the owner's name - Redkovsky. Their taste did not leave anyone indifferent. Due to the ability to maintain their properties unchanged until the deep winter, the variety was especially appreciated by the owners. Thus, the apples have spread throughout the USSR.

It is because of its above-mentioned features that the “aport” variety, apples, the photo of which is located on the right, received their worldwide recognition and distribution. Many gardeners, having planted a young tree, are ready to wait 10 years to enjoy their unique taste. And it is worth it. Today, there is hardly a person who has never heard of such wonderful fruits. And every day the number of gardeners who prefer this variety when choosing seedlings to the country, is becoming more and more. This can be called a pattern.

If there are Russian-speaking residents abroad, and you have to imagine that you are a Kazakhstani, you immediately hear the return password: “And, we know, the famous Aport is growing there.” And this is not an empty boast of the locals; Aport is indeed known not only in the post-Soviet space, but also in Canada, England, France since 1907, when at the exhibition in Paris it became abruptly popular, and dispersed throughout all countries. Next, we give a description of this remarkable variety, and also share the experience of its cultivation in the southern region of Kazakhstan.

Apple Aport: variety description and clones

Aportyns are strong-growing apple trees, the diameter of which is usually 12 m or more. This variety is better not to graft on dwarf rootstocks, better on Sivers apple trees (frost-resistant wilderness with sweet fruits). But it is unlikely that you will find such planting material on sale, most likely, you will find seedlings on a medium-sized rootstock MM106. In the period of fruiting, the saplings of the Aport come into 5-6 year. The first apples are usually very large, the fruits reach 600-700 g. Then the size of the fruits is normalized and fixed at the level of 250-350 g (subject to the agrotechnology).

Aporta apples have an unusually fresh aroma that is so strongly pronounced that it interrupts the smells of all other apple varieties, if they are stored in the same room. During the period of technical maturity, fruits are juicy, crunching with a characteristic crackle when biting. The flesh is white-green, the skin is dense with green-red and red color. The fruits of Aport also have a characteristic wax coating that protects the apples from the weather.

Aport refers to the late autumn apple varieties, ripens in September. Under normal storage, the juiciness of apples lasts until the New Year. With longer storage, the pulp overrides, becomes crumbly - such overripe apples are called "potatoes".

As with all large-fruited varieties, Apple trees of Aport have a pronounced four-year cyclical nature of fruiting. That is, after a bountiful harvest, the apple tree is said to be resting. Then a small amount of fruit is tied, about 20-40 pieces per apple tree, in the third year the average yield is removed - about 60 kg. And in the fourth year, the apple tree gives the most abundant collection for this variety - 150-180 kg. As you can see, this is not so hot as a crop compared to modern varieties of apple trees, such as Saltanat, Idared.

aport apple variety (photo 2014)

In Kazakhstan, Aport has been cultivated since the 19th century, and during this period various clones and hybrids of this variety appeared in amateur breeding:

• Alexandria Aport, or Aport Alexander (Kaiser Alexander) - taste with pronounced sourness, the skin is green with red filling in the sun;
• Blood-red Aport is a sweeter taste compared to Alexandria, the color of the skin is bright red around the entire circumference of the fruit;
• Zailiysky Aport is the sweetest Aport of all. The fruit never reaches the big sizes, average (about 150-200 g), about a fruit stem the setochka is pronounced, a bright skin, yellow with red sides and strips. The variety was bred in the Kazakhstan NIIPV from a seedling of Alexandria Aport, possibly a hybrid with a lemon (rennet Burkhard)

Apple Aport: landing and care

Apple trees of Aporta reach their productive age by 10-15 years, and with proper care they bear fruit up to 40 years. You can extend the life of the apple tree, making the rejuvenating pruning of leaning branches, and lightening the crown - for details, see.

aport in bloom is very elegant

The cyclical nature of fruiting is due to the ripening of fruit buds. Fruits are tied to kolchatka and fruit twigs, which, after a bountiful harvest, are simply exhausted, and then gradually gain strength. Such an overload of the tree is best avoided - to apply the normalization of the crop by simply plucking the ovaries in the fruitful year. They also prolong the life of the rings, cutting off the aged parts of the branches - they remove the weaker branches in favor of the strong.

When purchasing an Aport seedling, carefully inspect the trunk and roots, if the root neck is not visible or the trunk is severely twisted, select another instance. Try to choose a sapling with the most powerful root system. Most often in the markets and nurseries sell biennial seedlings, so they are enough to shorten to a height of about 80 cm. But if the roots are less than 40 cm, then it should be shortened below.

Shortening is necessary so that awakened leaves do not deplete the bark on the trunk. After all, the roots are badly damaged, they are not proportional to the size of the crown, and at first, after planting, they cannot give full nutrition to the leaves. If you do not cut the crown, the leaves are forced to take nutrients from the bark to the detriment of the development of the roots. To improve rooting, you can pour a young seedling with a solution Kornevina   or heteroauxin.

For planting seedlings Aport choose areas with good drainage. Landing is carried out in the planting hole, in which the mash is bred and the roots are dipped. Then layer after layer of soil is poured, filling each layer with water to compact the soil. It is advisable to add garden compost - all large-fruited apple trees need increased soil fertility. Then or while the soil is falling asleep, a peg is driven in to strengthen the seedling in an upright position.

If the seedling is older than 2 years, be careful not to fall asleep the root neck - it can melt the bark and the tree will gradually wither away from mushroom diseases. A young sapling, when filling the root collar, successfully acquires its own roots. Usually this should not be allowed when planting dwarfs, but this does not apply to Aport, as they are vigorous.

Watering Apple's Aport

Especially it is necessary to stop on watering of the Aport: all large-fruited pome seeds need abundant waterings. That is why the apples in the old abandoned gardens are so crushed, they simply lack moisture and organic matter. Naturally, nature takes its toll - without care, apples shrink, become like dicky. Indeed, in nature it is not profitable to build up the flesh, the apple tree needs to save the offspring. And the offspring in the seeds, and the more small apples, the more seeds, is it still logical?

Studies have been carried out and it turned out that if we compare the total mass of small-fruited apples from a single dick tree to the mass of large-fruited apples of culture trees, then these values ​​are the same! That is, chasing the size of the fruit, the selection has ensured that the plants have redistributed the inherent resources, and instead of the quantity they produce the same amount of high-quality fruits.

Therefore, in the productive years of the apple, the Aporta must be watered abundantly. Previously, in the gardens they made aryks and let water into the garden strait for at least 24 hours. And so 2-3 times a season. I remember that teenage friends somehow climbed into the collective farm gardens for the unripe apples, and fell almost to the waist in the spilled garden space, their parents simply could not wash them. Now, those gardens that remained undeveloped, not only did they not water, and no one has done rejuvenating pruning for more than 20 years. Here you have the appropriate quality of the crop.

In the period of the so-called apple rest, no additional irrigation of the Aport should be done, otherwise, instead of laying the fruit links, you will provoke the growth of green mass, tops. So laid down in nature - if the conditions are good, then why waste energy on fruiting? Remember nitrogen-fed tomatoes? Instead of fruits, they grow very thickly to the tops, bush and branch, but do not bloom.

This is the basic principle of the care of a fruit garden - in crop years, bring in organic matter and shed trees, and forget about it during the rest period. Or, always normalize the crop so that there are no peaks in the crop. And do not regret the extra ovary! Otherwise, next year it will be necessary to regale only with the saved dried fruits. The garden zone must be tinned with clover or turf - in our region it is the soil sodding that saves much moisture in the garden.

So, we ran through some varieties of Almaty Aport, and analyzed the peculiarities of caring for this world-recognized apple tree. Revealed the reason why good quality Aporta apples today are possible only in private gardens, and why they shred in industrial areas. Water your aportinki, add organic matter, deoxidize the soil in the garden and make timely pruning. Then you will be able to enjoy your organic harvest for many years. Good luck!

The variety of apple trees Aport with apples on a pound can be called legendary. There are a lot of versions about its origin. The first mentions of large trees with magnificent fruits date back to the beginning of the 12th century, and in the 17th they were already written about these apples, that they are ancient and popular.

Some consider them their birthplace Turkey, Italy or Ukraine. The most famous variety, Aport Almaty, was brought to the Zaili region by a migrant from Voronezh. Under mountain conditions, trees showed excellent results and in the nineteenth century they became a symbol of the Issyk-Kul region.

Knowledgeable people claim that the variety is sensitive to the height of growth, and shows the best qualities between the marks of 900-1200 m above sea level. Aport Alexander, named after the Russian emperor, is known abroad. In the 19th century, he occupied prizes at foreign exhibitions and positioned as a Russian variety. Russian pomolog A.T. Bolotov classified its varieties in the 18th century, and in the 19th century M.V. Rytov.

Aport Dubrovsky, derived by amateur Athanasius Efimovich Ukhalov in his gardening near Yekaterinburg, has the greatest practical importance today. This keen gardener tested large-fruited varieties of endurance in the Sverdlovsk region. He received a new form in the 70s of the last century. Later, the promising renewed Aport was transferred to the Nursery Gardens of the Urals, which is headed by A. N. Miroleeva.

Description varieties Aport Dubrovsky

Its fruits are very large, weighing 250-300 grams. The first harvests are especially amazing when fruits weigh 500-600 grams. The skin is yellow-green, almost completely covered with raspberry-red blush. It has a protective whitish wax coating.

The flesh is white, sometimes with a greenish tint, delicate texture, with plenty of juice. When biting, it breaks, and when chewed - crunches. Apples produce a strong, pleasant aroma that cannot be confused with any other.

Retention period sources indicate differently. In some descriptions - two months, in others - until the New Year. According to reviews, later the fruit pulp softens, loosens and becomes tasteless.

Trees of medium vigor, with a wide-round crown. They are moderately resistant to frost and fungal diseases. The first fruits give 6-7 years after planting. The peak of productivity comes in 10-15 season. Fruiting is prone to periodicity, there is a so-called four-year cycle.

a brief description of

Cultivation and care

When caring for apple trees, it is necessary to periodically conduct all agrotechnical techniques: fertilizing, preventive spraying, sanitary and anti-aging pruning. This variety is particularly in need of abundant watering. Land in the garden is best kept under the tin.

For breeding in nurseries, sredneroslye stocks are most often used, for example, MM-106, as well as the seedling of the wild apple Sivers. This allows you to reduce the size of adult trees and accelerate fruiting, as well as increase their resistance to adverse factors and adapt to local conditions.

When buying, you should give preference to one-year copies. In the spring after planting, they are cut over a strong kidney and form a crown on their own. In the first year of the plant must be watered weekly. For the winter, be sure to warm the roots with mulching. Pristvolny circle cover a layer of loose material (peat, humus) with a thickness of 10-15 centimeters. Aport of Dubrovsky is considered to be quite a whimsical variety, but the works on its cultivation are justified.

The Aport tree is a vigorous, about 6 m high, up to 7 m wide. The crown is spreading and rounded. The number of skeletal branches is small. Apples are appreciated for the size of the fruit, pleasant aroma and taste of the pulp. The size of the first fruits reaches 600, or even 700 g. Gradually they become smaller, but their number increases. Fruits of adult trees reach 300 g. This is much more than many other varieties.

Fruits are slightly ribbed, shirokokonichesky form. They have a dense skin of yellow or yellow-green color, painted with red-brown blush. It is covered with a wax coating that protects the fetus from certain external influences and allows it to be stored for a long time in winter. The flesh is tender and crumbly, white or cream, fragrant. The smell of apples Aport is so strong that it clogs the aroma of fruits of any other variety.

The taste of apples are sweet and sour, slightly spicy.

Apple Aport has one major drawback. This is a cyclical fruiting, the period of which in an apple tree of this variety is 4 years. After it gives a full harvest (up to 180 kg), the next year the apple tree will bloom, but the harvest will not exceed 40 kg. In the third year, you can collect 60 kg of apples. The cycle is over, in the fourth year there will be a big harvest again.

The fruits ripen in September. They are well kept in the winter until the New Year. May lie longer, but then the flesh becomes overripe and tasteless. You can store apples in the cellar. But there should not be a potato next to them, otherwise they will incorporate its smell. Can be stored on the balcony, but in this case the boxes need to be well covered.

This is one of the oldest varieties. The first news about apples Aport dates from the second half of the twelfth century. Some sources associate the name of the variety with the fact that it was brought to Poland from the Port of the Ottoman Empire. Then he began to spread through the territory of Ukraine to Russia.

Widespread variety in the vicinity of Almaty (Kazakhstan). The trees there grew large, and the crop exceeded the figures for the neighboring regions. This is due to the fact that the most comfortable for the variety are mountainous areas of the middle climatic zone. Unfortunately, now this variety in Kazakhstan is on the verge of extinction. In Western Europe, the variety came in the XIX century, and then moved to America.

To date, about 40 clones and varieties of this variety have been created. Among them:

• Aport blood-red with yellow fruits of sweet taste.
• Aport of Alexandria with green fruit with a red blush and sourish taste.
• Aport Zailiysky is the sweetest, but the fruits are small.

The advantage of the Aport variety is its self-pollination. Aport does not need other pollinating varieties for fruiting. The disadvantage is the average resistance to frost. In regions where they exceed -25 ° C, the trees freeze slightly or do not bear fruit. Ukraine, the middle zone of Russia and mountainous areas with temperatures in winter above 25 degrees of frost, are considered suitable for growing Apple Aport. Fruit Apple fruit Aport begins at the age of 10 years and later. Can yield up to 40 years. But for this you need to properly care for her.

Apple trees Aport receive, planting seedlings. At the age of two they are planted in a permanent place. It should be sunny, protected from cold winds area. The depth of groundwater should be at least one and a half meters. If they come closer, drainage from broken bricks and stones is laid at the bottom of the pit, and the tree is raised slightly above ground level.

The root neck should be well defined, the trunk should be straight, the roots intact. Otherwise, the seedlings will not take root or die in the first winter. The length of the roots should be at least 40 cm. The trunk is cut at a height of 80 cm. If the roots are less than 40 cm, the trunk is cut even lower.

Apple roots Aport soaked before planting for a day in the water. To stimulate the active formation of new roots, use solutions of Heteroauxin and Cornevin. A pit for planting an apple Aport is prepared six months before planting. The diameter and depth of the pit - 1 m. Mix the excavated soil with humus, compost, sand, add.

But it happens that the decision to plant a tree comes unexpectedly, then:

• It is desirable that not less than 3 weeks have passed from preparing the pit to planting the tree. This is necessary in order to prepare the ground sat down.
• Seedlings are better to plant stasis after purchase. But sometimes you have to keep them for several days in a prikop.
• They dig a trench, plant seedlings and lightly dust them with earth. Moisturize the soil.
• Before planting prepare clay talker, in which they dip the roots of the tree before planting. After the procedure, they should dry for about 20 minutes.
• At the bottom of the pit piled mound harvested land. Put a peg for tying a tree.
• Carefully set the seedling in the pit, straightening the roots in different directions along the knoll.
• Sprinkle them with earth, watering each ball and compacting it. Carefully look to the root neck does not fall under the ground. This can lead to the development of fungal diseases.
• A cushion is formed along the perimeter of the rim circle, which will not allow water to pass through it. Water the tree. pristvolny circle with a layer of peat, straw or mowed grass with a thickness of not less than 5 cm.

Not all gardeners will agree to grow a large tree in the garden, bearing fruit every four years. It is enough for many to pinch several branches in the crown of any frost-resistant variety of late ripening.

Formation of the crown begin in the second year after planting a tree. You can form it in the form of a bowl, with 3 skeletal branches, or leave a conductor and 3-4 skeletal branches.

Care Tips:

• Apple trees Aport need constant hydration. They are watered, bringing in 15 liters of water in the near-stem circle. The tree responds well to irrigation. If the amount of moisture is insufficient, the taste and size of the fruit unpleasantly surprised. But in those years when the apple tree does not bear fruit, it does not need such abundant watering. Excess moisture will go on increasing the mass of leaves.
• Aport has no particular problems with thickened crown. But still, an adult tree should be cut every year. In early spring, before the start of sap flow, remove the branches that grow inside the crown, intersecting or broken. Cut off the branches that grow at an acute angle to the trunk.
• Fertilize the apple tree begin in the second or third year after planting. In the autumn they make organic fertilizers (humus, compost). The first 3 years after the introduction of superphosphate and potash fertilizers, they dig up the soil in the near-stem circle to a depth of 15 cm. Later, at a distance of 45 cm from the trunk, they dig a trench or separate pits and apply fertilizer there. Cover them with a layer of soil.
• Watering should also be on the perimeter of the crown. Poured as many buckets of water as an apple tree. The first time it is done in June, the second - in July. The third time watered in the fall, before the onset of frost. This will help the tree to transfer the winter frosts easier.
• In addition to watering, wrap the trunk of a young tree with spruce, sacking or other covering materials. Wrapping a straw is dangerous in that mice can start in it. Such protection will protect the trunk from frost and from hares who are not averse to gnaw the bark of the tree. The root system can be protected by placing a thick layer of mulch in a tree circle.
• In the spring, bright sun rays can burn the thin bark of a tree. If it is open, dye it with lime. In addition to protection from the sun, such treatment will help get rid of the causative agents of certain diseases and pests that winter on the trunk. Handle all thick branches with a diameter of 4 cm.

Disease of fungal origin. It is necessary to treat and process for prophylaxis several times during the growing season with preparations containing copper. In early spring it can be Bordeaux liquid, later use Skor and other fungicides.

The main pests of apple Aport:

• Hawthorn eats leaves, buds and flowers.
• Apple weevil eats buds.
• Fruit mites feed on plant sap.
• Caterpillars moths destroy leaves.

You can fight them by spraying a solution of insecticides "Zircon", "Agravertin".

More information can be found in the video: